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Classification of Minesweeper Badges based on obverse design

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    Classification of Minesweeper Badges based on obverse design

    I would like to present here a classification system for Minesweeper badges based on the “fingerprints” of the wave patterns, correlated with their eagle designs.

    Introduced on August 31, 1940, the Kriegsabzeichen für Minensuch-, U-Boots-Jagd- and Sicherungsverbände was likely the Kriegsmarine award produced in largest quantity during the war. As a result there were some 22 companies involved in its manufacture.

    Just as has been done with the Heer badges in other venues, it’s possible to group KM Minesweeper badges into categories based on their obverse design. This is a useful exercise, as it often suggests possible working relationships between manufacturers, or possibly indicates that they used dies derived from a common master die or die producer. Within each category, the individual manufacturers can be separated out by small differences in obverse details, trimming outlines, hardware and finishing techniques.

    I’ve divided the Minesweeper output into 6 basic categories based on the number and pattern of the waves under the plume; the first 4 categories contain badges in both Tombak and zinc, whereas the 5th and 6th categories contain exclusively zinc badges.

    I won’t be presenting full images of all the badges, since that is already underway in the pinned thread on the manufacturers of KM badges, but rather just representative closeups of the wave patterns and eagles in each category for reference. However, for those who want to see the reverse hardware to help in identification, along the way I've included links to threads showing postings of complete badges.
    Last edited by Norm F; 07-23-2012, 01:15 PM.

    #2
    Types 1 to 4

    It’s quite possible that badges within each major category may represent the output from a common Matrix (master die, “Matrize” in German). As discussed in other threads on the forums, from any given “Matrize”, many working dies (“Stanzen”) can be made and custom hand-altered before they are hardened. A hardened "Stanze" is used to strike the actual badges, which are then trimmed and finished according to each manuacturer’s method. The trimming stamps are called “Schnittwerkzeuge”, or cutting tools, and vary slightly between manufacturers.

    First I'll define the 6 categories in two postings, following which I'll show the makers within each category beginning with the makers of Tombak badges and ending with those producing exclusively in zinc.

    The first 4 categories based on wave pattern are as follows:

    Type 1: 7-wave “Schwerin-type” – 5 badges
    Type 2: 8-wave “Juncker-type” – 13 badges
    Type 3: 8-wave “RK-type” – 2 badges
    Type 4: 9.5-wave “Hymmen” (unique)

    After practicing a bit, it’s easy to identify a badge’s category by counting the waves and noting the small areas outlined in types 2 and 3. Note how the area marked with the curved red lines in type 2 occurs between waves 5 and 6, whereas the similar area in type 3 lies between waves 4 and 5, occurring higher up in the badge.
    Attached Files
    Last edited by Norm F; 07-22-2012, 11:32 PM.

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      #3
      Types 5 and 6

      The final 2 categories by wave pattern contain three zinc badges and no Tombak badges:

      Type 5: 7 or 7.5 "straight wave" - 2 badges (from different masters but stylistic similarity, and occur only in zinc)
      Type 6: 8-wave "Juncker-style" - unique design but same trimming outlines as the Juncker (occurs only in zinc)
      Attached Files
      Last edited by Norm F; 07-22-2012, 11:43 PM.

      Comment


        #4
        The 14 Tombak makers by category

        Here is a list of the 14 makers of Tombak Minesweepers by category (of which 9 also produced versions in zinc) including links to examples of each in other threads:

        Type 1: 7-wave “Schwerin-type”:

        *C. Schwerin & Sohn - Berlin (always marked)
        *Wilhelm Deumer - Lüdenscheid (2 reverse setups in Tombak, both marked and unmarked, and 1 in zinc)
        F.W. Assmann & Söhne – Lüdenscheid (always marked)
        Friedrich Linden, (FLL) - attributed – Lüdenscheid (always unmarked)
        Richard Simm & Söhne, (RSS) – Gablonz (always marked)

        Type 2: 8-wave “Juncker-type”:

        *C.E. Juncker - Berlin (always unmarked)
        *Paul Meybauer – Berlin (always unmarked)
        Boerger & Co., (Beco) – Berlin (marked)
        *Steinhauer & Lück - Lüdenscheid (both marked and unmarked in Tombak)
        Petz & Lorenz – Pforzheim (unmarked)
        *Otto Schickle - Pforzheim (unmarked but a few marked by other makers’ LDO numbers)

        Type 3: 8-wave “RK-type”:

        *"AS in triangle" - Gablonz (always unmarked in Tombak; zinc is both marked and unmarked, 1st pattern eagle always unmarked, 2nd pattern eagle both marked and unmarked)
        *R.K. – Gablonz (always marked, some 9-wave variants in the zinc version)

        Type 4: 9.5-wave “Hymmen”:

        *Hymmen & Co. - Lüdenscheid (both marked and unmarked)

        * = also made in zinc (9 makers)
        Last edited by Norm F; 12-13-2013, 08:43 AM.

        Comment


          #5
          Type 1: 7-wave “Schwerin-type”

          Type 1: 7-wave “Schwerin-type”:

          You can see the same wave pattern as Schwerin, here used by the other makers in this category, but each with their own modification to the eagle; The RSS eagle is quite a bit more distinctive from the others. These makers' badges may be derived from a copy of the Schwerin wave design rather than a modified die from the same Matrize, but nevertheless clearly belong in this general category.
          (Sometimes the overlap in the finish between frosted plume, altsilber waves and gilded wreath can make it a little tricky to count the waves.)
          Attached Files
          Last edited by Norm F; 07-23-2012, 12:02 AM.

          Comment


            #6
            Type 2: 8-wave “Juncker-type”

            Type 2: 8-wave “Juncker-type”:

            This wave pattern is by far the most common obverse design, used not only by these 6 Tombak makers but also by at least 6 other exclusively zinc makers. This may be similar to the situation in the Heer badge collector community when they speak of the "Vienna design", although it's clear that in the Minesweeper production the design did not originate in the city of Vienna whose minesweepers occur only in the later war zinc.

            In fact, most of these look like they may be derived from the same Matrize, as their eagle designs are almost identical. The two eagles that show a subtle but clear uniqueness are those on the unmarked Juncker and Meybauer badges.

            Nevertheless, each maker had his own trimming tooling resulting in characteristic inner and outer outlines that allow us to tell them apart (along with other clues such as hardware and finishing).

            All these badges have the characteristic area in the wave pattern (circled in red on the Juncker badge).
            Attached Files
            Last edited by Norm F; 07-23-2012, 12:05 AM.

            Comment


              #7
              Type 3: 8-wave “Karneth-type”

              Type 3: 8-wave “RK-type”:

              Both these Gablonz-based Tombak badge makers used this same obverse design apparently derived from the same "Matrize", but with slight consistent differences in their production dies and trimming outlines to distinguish them.

              The badges marked RK are most often assumed to be from Rudolf A. Karneth & Sohn, but another Gablonz maker on the Präsidialkanzlei's list was Robert Kreisel, so there remains some uncertainty. Furthermore there are so many variants of the RK Minesweeper badge one might even suspect a consortium of Gablonz companies involved in their production. The exact scenario remains unknown at present.

              The unmarked Tombak badge in this category is for now attributed to "AS in triangle" since it shares die characteristics in the water plume and identical internal cutouts with the later "AS in triangle" zinc badges, both of which differ from RK marked badges.
              Attached Files
              Last edited by Norm F; 07-23-2012, 12:11 AM.

              Comment


                #8
                Type 4: 9.5-wave “Hymmen”

                Type 4: 9.5-wave “Hymmen”:

                Hymmen & Co. of Lüdenscheid stands alone in this category with their idiosyncratic and somewhat bizarre design which was produced in both Tombak and zinc.
                Attached Files
                Last edited by Norm F; 07-23-2012, 12:14 AM.

                Comment


                  #9
                  Excellent work Norm, but where do you find the time?

                  Richard

                  Comment


                    #10
                    The zincers

                    And now, here are the 11 badges (plus one distinctive fake) that occur exclusively in zinc, having no Tombak counterpart:

                    Type 2: 8-wave “Juncker-type”:

                    “Juncker-like” – possibly late Juncker production (always unmarked)
                    B.H. Mayer – Pforzheim (marked)
                    Förster & Barth – Pforzheim (both marked and unmarked)
                    Rudolf Souval (R.S.) – Vienna (marked)
                    Wilhelm Hobacher – Vienna (both marked and unmarked)
                    E. Ferdinand Wiedmann – Frankfurt (marked "ÜÜ")
                    Alois Rettenmaier, “flatback” maker - (always unmarked)

                    Type 3: 8-wave “RK-type”:

                    "AS in triangle" with the 2nd pattern eagle - Gablonz (marked and unmarked)
                    "feathered eagle" reproduction - post-war fake (always unmarked except one with a spurious Wiedmann mark)

                    Type 5: 7 to 7.5-"straight-waves":

                    LM (possibly Lind & Meyrer) – Idar-Oberstein (always marked "LM"), 7.5 waves
                    Unknown "straight wave" (possibly S.H.u.Co.) - possibly Idar-Oberstein if wartime (always unmarked), 7 waves

                    Type 6: 8-wave "Juncker-style":

                    "Juncker-style" - possibly late Juncker production (always unmarked)
                    Last edited by Norm F; 01-12-2014, 01:07 PM.

                    Comment


                      #11
                      Really excellent work Norm!! This is a very well thought out classification system and clearly created by a man with a love of the Minesweeper badge

                      Tom
                      If it doesn't have a hinge and catch, I'm not interested......well, maybe a little

                      New Book - The German Close Combat Clasp of World War II
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                      Available Now - tmdurante@gmail.com

                      Comment


                        #12
                        Originally posted by RichardT View Post
                        Excellent work Norm, but where do you find the time?

                        Richard
                        Hi Richard,

                        I'm going to take a break now!

                        Best regards,
                        ---Norm

                        Comment


                          #13
                          Norm,

                          you old "Minesweeper geek".

                          This is a wonderful study on Minesweeper badges.

                          Well done and thank you,

                          Regards,Martin.

                          Comment


                            #14
                            Yes I agree, congrats Norm and thanks so much for your efforts!!

                            Cheers
                            JustinC

                            Comment


                              #15
                              Interesting findings, I am sure you put a lot of time into this
                              Regards, Rob
                              Collecting Inerests Awards / Badges and Kriegsmarine

                              Comment

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