Uniforms & Traditions of the German Army 1933-1945 Vol. 1
Chapter 9: RANK INSIGNIA
Page 399
“Shoulder Straps: All enlisted personnel wore shoulder straps (Schulterklappen) with all outer garments except camouflage clothing. Shoulder straps worn by NCOs showed the wearer’s rank, whereas it did not with privates.”
Page 414
“The distinctive insignia for company and field grade officers was the shoulder boards. The German term for shoulder board “Schulterstücke,” was common throughout the Hitler period. However, the long obsolete term, “Achselstücke” was sporadically used, even in official publication, up to 1945."
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