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    Thoughts on LW badge base metals

    Hi guys,

    Figured I would start a thread to get some feedback on a little discovery I stumbled upon (at least to me anyway) while writing the Para badge book. In my opinion, the vast majority of Luftwaffe badges were infact produced from Nickel Silver rather than brass (tombak). Ofcourse this excludes the zinc badges, but I am really only talking about the early "buntmetal" badges. This may not be a big surprised to many of the well-experienced luftwaffe guys, but I think it will come as a suprise to many casual collectors that up until now considered most LW badges as tombak based, and silver plated. On the contrary, I have found that brass-based LW badges are by far in the minority and pretty rare, with the vast majority being made of nickel silver IMO.

    What really sparked my curiosity was these 2 Assmann badges. Both pretty heavily worn, and the first one clearly shows brass base metal showing through a thin silver finish on the wreath. The other is even more heavily worn, but yet absolutely no sign of brass showing through on the wreath. However, looking at the hinge, which IS made of brass shows plenty of it showing through. So, its my contention that this heavily worn badge would definately show signs of a brass base metal if it were infact made of brass. It is not, the wreath is made of Nickel Silver.

    As I studied these badges, I realized that the silver finish used by most, if not all LW badge makers was actually very thin. So even on badges that are REALLY mint and barely any sign of wear will show signs of brass somewhere on the extreme highlights of the leaf tips, or on the reverse rims of the wreath.

    As I thought about this, it makes perfect sense that badge makers would chose nickel silver over brass for the wreaths. A worn down wreath made of nickel silver will always continue to look silver, no matter how much wear it endures. Whereas, brass based wreaths will become yellow over time as the thin silver plating is slowly worn away from years of use. That is also why all the Para badge makers used brass for their early eagles too! Once the fire gilding or gold plating wore off, the eagle will still look yellowish/gold thanks to the natural yellowish/gold color of brass.

    Tom

    first up is the brass-based wreath, courtesy of Kevin Hudson's collection
    Attached Files
    If it doesn't have a hinge and catch, I'm not interested......well, maybe a little

    New Book - The German Close Combat Clasp of World War II
    [/SIGPIC][/SIGPIC]
    Available Now - tmdurante@gmail.com

    #2
    r
    Attached Files
    If it doesn't have a hinge and catch, I'm not interested......well, maybe a little

    New Book - The German Close Combat Clasp of World War II
    [/SIGPIC][/SIGPIC]
    Available Now - tmdurante@gmail.com

    Comment


      #3
      Now here is the nickel-silverd based wreath, courtesy of Mark Schroeder's collection
      Attached Files
      If it doesn't have a hinge and catch, I'm not interested......well, maybe a little

      New Book - The German Close Combat Clasp of World War II
      [/SIGPIC][/SIGPIC]
      Available Now - tmdurante@gmail.com

      Comment


        #4
        Reverse. Even on this Nickel Silver based wreath, Assmann applied a silver plating. However, it is barely left on the wreath, and what we are seeing is the nickel silver base metal. Remnants of the original silver plating is the brighter spots on the right side of the wreath.
        Attached Files
        If it doesn't have a hinge and catch, I'm not interested......well, maybe a little

        New Book - The German Close Combat Clasp of World War II
        [/SIGPIC][/SIGPIC]
        Available Now - tmdurante@gmail.com

        Comment


          #5
          Here is the hinge that started it all, from the Nickel Silver based badge. You can clearly see the different layers of finish used and really how THIN the silver plating is. First you have the bare brass base metal of the hinge. On top of that was applied a thin silver plating and then the black artifical oxidation layer. See how thin the silver finish is.

          Tom
          Attached Files
          If it doesn't have a hinge and catch, I'm not interested......well, maybe a little

          New Book - The German Close Combat Clasp of World War II
          [/SIGPIC][/SIGPIC]
          Available Now - tmdurante@gmail.com

          Comment


            #6
            Hi Tom

            I am no expert in this area but I agree with your hypothesis. Early 'silver' or 'oxidised silver' wreaths and eagles were almost always of buntmetall ('German silver' - nickel alloy) base metal but 'gold' wreaths and eagles were of tombac (brass). I once owned a BSW para badge with brass eagle and an FLL pilot/observer badge with brass wreath. All my 'silver' awards seem to be nickel alloy. I think this principle extends to the flight clasps in my collection too, with 'bronze' and 'gold' classes made of tombac and 'silver' made of nickel alloy. This is why it is often difficult to tell if a well-worn clasp is in fact 'bronze' or 'gold' grade.

            As with all good rules there seem to be exceptions with some eagles and wreaths one might expect to be nickel being made of brass.

            best wishes
            Tim O.
            Last edited by Tim O.; 11-16-2009, 05:36 PM.

            Comment


              #7
              Tom

              Doesn't Previtera's book suggest there was an evolution of Luftwaffe Award Badges from tombac through aluminium to buntmetall and then zinc. I wonder what evidence he has for this?

              best wishes
              Tim O.

              Comment


                #8
                Originally posted by Tim O. View Post
                Tom

                Doesn't Previtera's book suggest there was an evolution of Luftwaffe Award Badges from tombac through aluminium to buntmetall and then zinc. I wonder what evidence he has for this?

                best wishes
                Tim O.
                I would just say he uses the evidence of the progression of the war. As we all know, as the war dragged on, and money ran low, they had to use different materials. I would say he has a viable theory.

                Tom: I am soooo getting your book! Good hypothesis, and I agree.

                Comment


                  #9
                  Originally posted by Tim O. View Post
                  Tom

                  Doesn't Previtera's book suggest there was an evolution of Luftwaffe Award Badges from tombac through aluminium to buntmetall and then zinc. I wonder what evidence he has for this?

                  best wishes
                  Tim O.
                  Hi Tim,

                  Thanks for your reply. I am not sure where you read that in Privetera's book, but I think I saw it somewhere too. I generally think this was correct as far as the Paras are concerned, but definately not for all the LW badges. The early Paras by Juncker and Assmann indeed started out with thin brass wreaths, then progressed to Aluminum for a short while. Assmann switched back to using brass for a little bit on their "thick" wreaths, but most were Nickel Silver. Juncker on the other hand did NOT switch back to using brass after aluminium as far as the Para was concerned, but just used nickel silver until they switched to zinc.

                  Steve was not very consistent with his use of "tombak" and "nickel silver" in his book, which has led to some confusion. Definately not meant to fault his wonderful book, but I think mixing up some of the terms makes it harder to understand such things. I don't blame Steve at all because he was fed a lot of his information from some very well respected and experienced collectors.

                  For instance, page 92 he says the badge is tombak when in fact, both eagle and wreath are nickel silver IMO. Look at the closeup of the hinge on page 93, you can see the original thin silver plating in the crevecises of the wreath, but the bare areas are the nickel silver base metal IMO.

                  Same with the IMME on page 97
                  Same with GWL on 119
                  Same with the OM on 121
                  Same with the BSW on 127
                  Same with the IMME on 130
                  etc., etc., etc.

                  He calls all these out as Tombak, but in reality I think they are ALL nickel silver. They are all in various states of wear, but in my experience, even the absolute slightest bit of wear will reveal the yellowish/gold color of brass if these badge were actually made of it. Case in point is this practically mint Juncker J2 pilot badge. Still has 95% of the darkening to the eagle, yet even the slightest bit of wear on the ridge of the wings and the sides of the swastika reveal the eagle to be made from brass. This really shows how thin the silver plating was, that this slightest bit of wear can quickly eat through the darkened artificial oxidation layer and then the silver finish to show the base metal. The wreath on the other hand is nickel silver. You can see it worn slightly on the reverse. The only brass you see is the catch and hinge, which are ALWAYS brass on Juncker badges, but yet absolutely no trace of yellow on the wreath.

                  Tom
                  Attached Files
                  If it doesn't have a hinge and catch, I'm not interested......well, maybe a little

                  New Book - The German Close Combat Clasp of World War II
                  [/SIGPIC][/SIGPIC]
                  Available Now - tmdurante@gmail.com

                  Comment


                    #10
                    r
                    Attached Files
                    If it doesn't have a hinge and catch, I'm not interested......well, maybe a little

                    New Book - The German Close Combat Clasp of World War II
                    [/SIGPIC][/SIGPIC]
                    Available Now - tmdurante@gmail.com

                    Comment


                      #11
                      Great thread Tom.
                      As far as the different makers choosing alloys for badge manufacturing, I would rather believe that they were settling for what they could get. Perhaps in the very early years of the war, when ambitions were high and resources were plenty, they had their choice. But by about 1942......

                      Comment


                        #12
                        Just researching what others had written about metals. OM seems to be Nickel Silver. Would like to see a Tombak.

                        Comment


                          #13
                          Originally posted by fdodge View Post
                          Perhaps in the very early years of the war, when ambitions were high and resources were plenty, they had their choice.
                          I thought this might be true as well. Perhaps early on you could pay extra for a NS badge that held its finish. When I first earned my pilot wings, I could buy standard silver plated wings in the BX, or special order sterling wings from the same maker.

                          Comment

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