What are these?

[Gary Cain]

I have no idea. They came together so I am assuming the enameled badge is Japanese as well, though I could certainly be wrong.

[GHP]

The first one identifies the wearer as a member of management for (probably) some civilian company.

經營 [old style kanji]
経営 [simplified kanji]
Keiei
Management

The second one looks similar to an army commander's badge (but isn't)


I found a very similar item to yours, but larger and sewn-on (listed as unidentified) here


--Guy

[imperialjapan]

The branches are laurel, suggesting an award of some sort.

[imperialjapan]

Not a major award, of course, based on the quality of the badge. Something small and local--and by the way, if I am not mistaken, many school emblems used this kind of star. So it may not even be Army. Same for the related badge Guy posted.