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    Somewhere out there...

    ...a group of intrepid collectors is working on a book about Iron cross award docs. Not just a photo reference but one that brings the docs to life.

    I thought I would share this with you, it is in a rough, unedited form, but having recieved 2 cards that show the action last week, I thought it would be an interesting read...

    The I.R 27 produced a number of excellent officers, two of who's Iron Cross documents are pictured here. Major Max Bayer and Hauptmann Hermann Burchardt were both members of the 27 IR at the outbreak of the war. The 27th was part of the Korps Emmich, a special army consisting of six brigades and three cavalry divisions.

    The Korps Emmich was the vanguard of the Schlieffen plan, where a rapid march through Belgium was a neccessity. The Korps Emmich was to cross the border and take Lüttich and its fortresses, opening the door for the German armies following close behind

    .

    Unexpectedly strong Belgian resistance had slowed the Korps as they approached Lüttich. Franktireurs and Belgian Infantry threw themselves into the fray while Artillery rounds from the Forts exploded in the German Ranks. The Korps did not have the time or energy to take the forts, they passed through them heading directly for the town of Lüttich.

    Originally the fall of Lüttich was planned for the 6th August, but thhis was not to be. On the northern and southern flanks the Germans had literally bitten on granite, the columns coming to a halt and pulling back after failing to pass through the circle of fortresses. The middle column however fared better. Ludendorff, still an unknown name at the time, had been following the columns as an observer. When General v. Wussow died, Ludendorff took command of the 14th Brigade and rallying the men (mostly soldiers of the I.R. 27) he led an attack that pushed its way forward through streets. while rifle and machine gun fire rattled from behind hedges and out of windows.

    Ludendorff and his approximately 1500 men (including Bayer and Burkhardt) dissapeared into the town... they were swallowed up into the night. Munition had almost run out and communication to the rear was cut off. It was to be a nail biting night for the 14th brigade. The next Morning would decide not only the fate of the 14th Brigade, but also of the whole Shlieffen plan. Von Emmich acted descisively. He sent the 165 IR over the Maas bridge to reinforce the troops already in the town and Ludendorf at the head of the 27th rode in a car towards the Citadelle. Here the suprised Belgians surrenderd to the future Field Marschall and a handful of officers of the I.R.27. There are no records of who those officers were, but it is Probable that one of them was Major Bayer.


    Attached Files

    #2
    Here is the fall of one of the forts...
    Attached Files

    Comment


      #3
      Max Bayer was the Baden Powell of Germany. He started the Pfadfinder (Boyscout) movement and translated and adapted Baden Powells scouting book for the German youth.

      Like his father (General Major Stephen Bayer) he opted for a military career and joined the army in 1891. His career got off to a rapid start including prime appointments to the War academy in 1898, the general staff in 1903 and German South West Africa in 1904. Here he participated in crushing the Herero and Hottentot rebellions.

      He was forced to return to Germany in 1905 due to illness and took over the German South West Africa office of the Generalstaff. In this time he gave lectures about GSWA in over 50 German Cities and towns as well as writing a number of books about the colony. In 1908 he was posted to the Unterelsässischen Inf. Regt. 138 in Lorraine as a Company commander and went on sick leave soon after because of heart problems resulting from his time in GSWA.

      Along with Stabsarzt Alexander Lion, who he met at a colonial office meeting, Bayer started to translate Baben Powells Scouting Handbook and took a years leave in 1911-12 to start up the German Pfadfinder movement.

      As commander of the II./I.R.27 he particapated in the assault on Lüttich and was awarded the Iron Cross for this action. On the 8th August Bayer was appointed as Commandant of Lüttich, and at that point he left the I.R. 27. On the 30th of August till the 5th of January he was active on the staff of the Commandant of Brussels where he succeeded in getting his "Pfadfinders" jobs as messengers in the Belgian capital, a way of helping them to contribute to the war effort. Although on active service, Bayer essentially acted as head of the Boy scout movement well into 1916.

      At around this time the Pfadfinder movement had 90 000 members, and had its own official "Pfadfinder-Kriegs-Abzeichen" for members who had served in the war.

      In Febuary 1915 he was ordered back to Berlin to help develope a boyscout programm for the Turks, but was then right away rerouted to Hollstein where in the Lockstedter camp he was to train Finnish military volunteers. In 1914 Russian troops had poured into Finnland and to the Finns it seemed their autonomy was in danger. Seeing a suitable allie, the Germans arranged to train 200 Finnish activists, giving them military 4-6 weeks training at Lockstedt. The first training program began in Febuary 1915 under Bayers command. All officers and NCOs were German. During the training the Finns requested an extension of the course with an increase in the scope of their training.

      In August 1915 a decision was made to increase the strength of the unit and the soon to number 2000 men unit was named the "Lockstedt Training Corps". In May 1916 the Corps was renamed the 27th Royal Prussian Jäger Batallion. Bayer commanded the Batallion until January 1917 fighting with "his Finns" in Kurland, including fighting on the Misse, on the Aa and in Libau. After the war when Finnland formed her own army the German steel helmet was chosen to equip the troops due to the traditions brought along by the 27. Jäger batln, the premier unit of the Finnish army.

      In January 1917 Bayer was ordered to take command of the I.R. 453 but the orders were changed and he was sent to serve on the General Staff until the 15th June, when he took command of the RIR 259 (78 I.D.) which was at the Chemin de Dames, South of the Ailette. In August the Regiment was sent to the Verdun front as a reserve during the French offensive, it counter attacked north of Caurieres (Southwest of Ornes) in mid September and held this position until mid October. After the fighting in Verdun the 78th I.D. suffered many desertions, particularly from Bayers Regiment. On the 22nd of October the Regt was withdrawn from the line to St. Juergen in Lorraine, a quieter sector where Bayer was supposed to reform the Regiment and rebuild moral. This was however not to happen. On the 25th of October 1917 Maximilian Bayer, Major in the German army and 1st Reichsfeldmeister of the German Pfadfinder movement was killed by a snipers bullet in the head in the area of Nomeny while exploring the area in front of his positions. His body was found and buried 6 months later.
      Attached Files

      Comment


        #4
        Hauptmann Hermann Burchardt stayed with the I.R. 27 until the end of 1915. After Lüttich it was part of von Klucks 1. Armee, moving through Belgium and Northern France. Le Cateau and Peronne being just two of the many battles and skirmishes the Regiment was involved in. 1915 saw the Regiment facing French offensives in Artois and suffering relatively heavy losses.



        In November 1915 Hauptman Burchardt transfered to the R.I.R. 27 (54th I.D.) taking command of the III Btln. The Division had just returned from Russia and had taken up positions on the banks of the Oise. In May 1916 the Division moved to the west bank of the Verdun front and found itself on the slopes of the Höhe 304. Burchardt had taken command of the Sturmbataillon of the 54th I.D. and participated in the seesaw attack and defence on the heights, one of the bloodiest battlefields of the war. At the beginning of September the Division was relieved and moved to Fleury on the east bank of the Meuse. The R.I.R. 27 was at Douaumont on the 24th October when Nivelles offensive crashed through the German front lines, the regiment fought bravely but had to give way loosing the fort. On November the Division was pulled out of the fighting and left Verdun for the relatively calm sector of Flirey in Lorraine.

        In April 1917 the division moved to the Aisne front and took up position at Berry au Bac in preperation to meet the Nivelle offensive. On the 4th May after having already suffered serious losses the regiment was on the Juvincourt Ridge and met a French attack in the early morning. After a short but furious shrapnel and gas barrage the French attacked breaking though the defensive line of the batalion in the Hillerwald and advancing rapidly towards the Batallion headquaters. Burchardt, rifle in hand, did not wait for his reserve company, but instead rallied his staff and counterattacked with handgrenades driving the attackers back. When the Regt was relieved on the 10th, they had lost 916 men, dead, wounded and captured. Burchardt had lost 3 of his 4 comapany commanders.

        August 1917 saw Burchardt and his Regiment in Ypres, occupying part of the Wilhelmstellung to the west of Haanebeck. Here, just to the South East of Zonnebeke, in the aptly named "Eisernen-Kreuz-Wäldchen" the III. Batl. had its headquarters. At 5:30 am on the morning of the 16 August 1917 the British barrage on the regiments positions intensified, then rolled forward, followed by columns of Infantry. Breaking through the III. Batl. positions and those of the neighbouring I.R. 84 the British pushed on, ignoring the little pockets of resistence left behind. It must have been like Deja Vue for Burchardt as the enemy approached his Batallion headquaters. As he had done three months before, he gathered his staff and the batallion reserve and rushed forward rifle in hand, this time to die with a bullet in the forehead.

        On the 18th of August the Regt was relieved. It left the secor having lost 31 officers and 1045 other ranks. Of 15 Company commanders 9 were dead or wounded. 2 of the batalion commanders (including Burchardt) had been killed in action.

        Attached Files

        Comment


          #5
          Those are some remarkable stories and very impressive EK docs, Chris. Thanks a lot for taking the time to share them...I greatly enjoyed reading your write-ups.

          I hope that in time I'll have some information and materiel to help further your admirable project...

          Keep up this great (and important!) work!

          Cheers,

          Adam

          Comment


            #6
            Great work Chris

            Make sure I get a signed copy when it's available.
            Don't believe everything you read on the internet, that's how WWI got started.

            Comment


              #7
              Interesting

              Hello,

              Very interesting. Thanks for sharing.

              William Kramer
              Please visit my site: https://wehrmacht-militaria.com/

              Comment


                #8
                Chris,
                When those intrepid collectors get together, I have a nice one. Unfortunately I cannot post inmages right now, but the EK2 document is to Grenadier Gustav Grone of the 8th Sturmbataillon dated 17.4.1918. It is a hand drawn and lettered document with stormtroopers in action at the top, some of the lettering blurred from wetness and signed by the battalion commander, Major Genshe? It is the only stormtrooper EK document I have ever seen, plus I have his photo in 1919, his EK2, and his "Hindenburg" Cross with Swords. I had all of the above professionally framed and mounted (non acidic) since the document was nearly torn in two from it being folded in half for many years.

                Daniel Murphy

                Comment


                  #9
                  Sturm Bataillon EK Document

                  Daniel,

                  Your document sounds really great. Would love to see it. Last year I saw another EKII document to a Sturm Bataillon member from the Rohr Sturm Bataillon Nr.5. It was posted on the Great War Forum and was the most beautiful EK document that I have ever seen, with barbed wire, a soldier and in the very striking pioneer colors of black and red.

                  Chip

                  Comment


                    #10
                    Chip,
                    In a few days I will be an association member. I have gone through Paypal which takes the fee from my bank account but takes some time. As soon as I get a scanner and a digital camera ( hopefully very soon) and figure out how to add attachments I will be showing a few things.

                    Dan

                    Comment


                      #11
                      Thanks Chris, very nice!

                      Comment


                        #12
                        Originally posted by Daniel Murphy
                        Chris,
                        When those intrepid collectors get together, I have a nice one. Unfortunately I cannot post inmages right now, but the EK2 document is to Grenadier Gustav Grone of the 8th Sturmbataillon dated 17.4.1918. It is a hand drawn and lettered document with stormtroopers in action at the top, some of the lettering blurred from wetness and signed by the battalion commander, Major Genshe? It is the only stormtrooper EK document I have ever seen, plus I have his photo in 1919, his EK2, and his "Hindenburg" Cross with Swords. I had all of the above professionally framed and mounted (non acidic) since the document was nearly torn in two from it being folded in half for many years.

                        Daniel Murphy
                        Hi
                        That sounds super, Burchardt above commanded the Sturmbataillon of his division during some heavy fighting, but there does not seem to have been a special dic for this.

                        The only doc I have specifically mentioning an independant Sturmbataillon is a large colorful one to congraulate a man on a succesful patrol where he took prisonners.

                        Best
                        Chris

                        Comment


                          #13
                          Hi Chris,

                          I have the two EKI and EKII awards of my great uncle Carl Hans Theodor Holler, the Sänger Flieger, signed by Dostler (WWI Ace pilot ) and von Meckelnburg ( not a fac simile, handwriting ) if the group of collectors wants photos for the book, I can send.
                          Otto

                          Comment


                            #14
                            Hi,
                            Volume one is basically ground combat units with emphasis on the western front. Navy, flying units etc. are earmarked for a second volume.
                            Will get back to you when we are that far.
                            Thanks
                            Best
                            Chris

                            Comment

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