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20 July 1944 Conspirator

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    20 July 1944 Conspirator

    While this is not a grouping I do believe its a very important piece of history.

    If you frequent the Wehrpass, Soldbuch and Military IDs forum may have run into this thread about Urban Thiersch:


    http://dev.wehrmacht-awards.com/foru...ighlight=urban

    1st LT. Thiersch was involved in the 20 July 1944 plot to assassinate Hitler. He is mentioned in many of the history books about Stauffenberg. We all know how difficult it is to find anything that can be attributed to the planning and execution of Hitlers assassination. I am now the proud owner of his Soldbuch. What follows is a short discussion about his life and involvement in the plot.


    I hope over time that I will be able to find additional information to add to this thread.


    Urban Thiersch

    1. Born: 17 August 1916 in Halle an der Saale
    2. Father:Paul Thiersch (May 2,1879to 15 November1928 ), architect, 1915 to 1928 headed the Kunstgewerbeschule Halle.
    3. Mother: Fanny Thiersch (born Hildebrandt), painter.
    4. Sister:Gemma Wolters - Thiersch (1907-1994), goldsmith.
    5. Brother: (Born 1911 died 1984), German architect
    6. Pre War Activity: Urban Thiersch trained as and was qualified as a sculptor. He was friends with the well-known German writer Stefan George (1868-1933). George’s poetry emphasized self-sacrifice, heroism and power, and he thus gained popularity in National Socialist circles. Many of the leading members of the German Resistance to Hitler were his followers, notably the Stauffenberg brothers. When George died on December 4, 1933, Urban Thiersch remained in contact with his friends, in particular Rudolf Fahrner .

    Rudolf Fahrner (30 December1903 to 29 February1988) was a university professor and author. He was friends of brothers Berthold and Claus von Stauffenberg. In September 1943, he became an active member of the German Resistance, led by Claus von Stauffenberg.”

    7. War Time Service: From 1937 to 1945 Urban Thiersch served as an officer in the German Army . He was wounded in Russia and after an extended period of hospitalization was transferred to a Reserve Artillery unit. See paragraph 10 for additional information.

    8. Urban Thiersch and the July 20, 1944 Plot: Urban Thiersch did not become an active member of the resistance until 1944. The circumstances that resulted in him joining the resistance were tied to another conspirator Colonel Georg Alexander Hansen (July 5,1904 toSeptember 8,1944).

    “Colonel Georg Alexander Hansen joined the military in 1924. In 1935, Colonel Hansen met the head of the General Staff Ludwig Beck and Claus Schenk Count von Stauffenberg, at the War Academy in Berlin-Moabit. In 1937 he was transferred to the Department of Counterintelligence and Foreign Intelligence (Department of Foreign Armies East) of the Reich War Ministry, headed by Konteradmiral Wilhelm Canaris. In 1939, this office was named the Abwehr .From 1943 onwards; Hansen used his position within the Abwehr to support the resistance. Colonel Hansen became opposed to Hitler’s regime in 1938 and was one of most important participants of the resistance, alongside Generalmajor Henning von Tresckow and Colonel Claus Schenk Count von Stauffenberg.
    In 1944 he participated in most of the important meetings to overthrow Hitler. He organized transportation and security for his fellow conspirators. His house in Rangsdorf often served as a meeting place. In the event the plot to overthrow Hitler succeeded Hansen would play a prominent role in the new regime.
    After Canaris, resigned in February 1944, plans to reorganize the Abwehr were set into motion. Two months later, in May 1944, Colonel Hansenand most of his staff were transferred to the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), where he served as the deputy under his immediate superior, SS General Walther Schellenberg.
    This change in leadership left Colonel Hansen surrounded by people he could not trust. This situation was a problem for Claus Stauffenberg, since he needed a reliable officer within the intelligence apparatus. Stauffenberg asked Rudolf Fahrner if he could recommend someone to act as a liaison between himself and Col. Hanson. Rudolf Fahrner gave him Urban Thiersch’s name. At the end of June 1944 Stauffenberg ordered Thiersch by telegram to Berlin. Urban Thiersch met with Stauffenberg on the 1st of July. Stauffenberg greeted him by saying ‘Let us come straight to the point: I am engaged in high treason with all the means available to me.’
    Thiersch's function within the circle of the conspirators was to act as a liaison between Stauffenberg and Georg Hansen. He was assigned to Colonel Hansen as an ordnance officer, in order to carry out this function.
    Thiersch would meet with 1st Lieutenant Werner Karl von Haeften (Oct. 9, 1908 - July 20/21, 1944), Stauffenberg’s adjutant on 8 July, 1944. Thiersch also briefly met with Stauffenberg on the same day. According to Urban Thiersch's adopted son Paul Thiersch, his father was to serve as a personal adjutant to Stauffenberg in the days prior to the assassination attempt.

    8. July 20, 1944 and Beyond: I have been unable to find out where or what Urban Thiersch was doing on 20 July, 1944. One thing is clear, Colonel Hansen, because of differences of opinion with Stauffenberg decided against actively participating in the assassination attempt and on 18 July left to attend to the baptism of his youngest daughter. After determining that the plot had failed, he returned to Berlin on the 21st of July and was arrested by the Gestapo on July 22. After a quick trial in which he was found guilty of treason, he was sentenced to death. Hansen was executed on September 8, 1944.
    It’s possible since Thiersch joined the conspiracy so late or because his boss Colonel Hansen was not actually involved in the events on 20 July, that he was able to escape detection. Urban's superior in Regensburg destroyed the telegram for his transfer to Berlin, and granted him eight days of leave to go hunting.
    His "hunting holiday" was used by Urban Thiersch to join up with his friend Rudolf Fahrner and his sister Gemma Wolters-Thiersch. The three of them would hide out at the "Haus am See" in Überlingen, until the end of the war. On 15 or 16 September 1945, Alexander Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg , the only survivor of the three Stauffenberg brothers, also to arrived at Lake Constance and become a member of the Überlingen "Haus am See" community.
    Just how he alluded detection and capture for almost is unknown or at least not documented in any of the contemporary works about the plot..

    9. After the Second World War: Urban Thiersch would return to his artistic pursuits after the war. He was a successful sculptor and had an influence on the art world.
    In July 2004, a memorial for the Stauffenberg brothers was set up in the Old Palace in Stuttgart. In addition to memorial plaques, a bronze sculpture group from the three brothers by Urban Thiersch was also set up. Urban Thiersch died on September 8, 1984.


    Here is a picture of the statue in Stuttgart as well as the soldbuch in my collection. Regards Jim



    Attached Files

    #2
    10. Urban Thiersch Soldbuch: As mentioned I am now the proud owner of his Soldbuch. Here is a closer look at his service as can be determined from the Soldbuch. I have also reached out to NARA in the hopes that they have additional information.

    a. Cover AND Pg 1: The cover has a nice stamped photo of Leutnant Urban Thiersch. The stamps are from Artillery Ersatz ABT. 10. The photo used was taken sometime between May/June 1940 and June 1, 1942. I believe the photograph was added to the book sometime after 7 April 1943 when the unit was designated as a Leicht Artillerie Abteilung (see 10. )
    Page 1 lists FP 36493 which is for the staff of the II Abteilung, 198 Artillery Division. After 1940 each battery was identified by a letter A-E. The actual unit he was assigned to was 7 Battery, III Abt. 198 A.R. which would have used FP 39018B (after 1940) or FP 39312 prior to that date. His identify tag would have been stamped “7. Battr. III/ A.R. 198” with his unit number being 19.
    There are four promotions listed Unteroffizier (Jr. NCO), Wachtmeister (Artillery NCO), Lieutenant, and First Lieutenant.
    He wore a size 2 gasmask and was blood type B.

    Also included is a comparison of the few photos I was able to find of Urban. The one on the left is from the Soldbuch; the middle one shows him in the hospital (1942/43); and the photo on the right is the only postwar picture I could find. They all appear to be the same person.
    Attached Files

    Comment


      #3
      b. Pages 2 AND 3: This shows his birth date as August 17, 1936 in Halle. It also provides his other personal description data. The data shown on page 1 and 2 was verified and witnessed (signature and stamp) by the 7th Battery commander on October 5, 1939.
      The information on page 3 served as an endorsement for entries on page 1 and 2. In Urbans case it verified his promotions on page 1. Instead of listing the rank his promotions are annotated simply as promotion (beforderung). The last entry was dated June 1, 1942 and shows he was on the staff of A.R. 198.
      There appears to have been a change, repair to the book as shown by the tape and stamp from Artillery Abt. 10.

      I have also included a comparison of the signatures in the book. The top and bottom signatures, which are supposed to be done by the bearer, are identical. The signature in the middle I believe was filled out by the clerk. In any case the entry for the Unteroffizier rank is consistent with the middle signature.
      Attached Files

      Comment


        #4
        c. Pages 4 AND 5: Page 4 shows where Urbans records were kept. Initially they were maintained by the Art. Ers. Abt. in Ulm. He served in two field units: 7./A.R. 198 and on the staff of A.R. 198. The last unit annotated was for the 10th Light Artillery Replacement Abteilung in Regensburg (NE of Munich).

        Urbans assignment to work as Staffenbergs liaison was probably a temporary assignment. The fact that the 10th Light Artillery Replacement Abteilung destroyed the telegram having him report to Staffenberg in Berlin and because they processed his final leave after the plot failed are good indicators the assignment was temporary.

        Page 5 is his next of kin information. He was single, his father was deceased, and his mother Fanny (born Hildebrandt) was still alive.
        Attached Files

        Comment


          #5
          d. Pages 6 AND 7: this was a record of clothing and equipment issued to him. His last issue of clothing occurred on July 1, 1942 by A.R. 198.
          Attached Files

          Comment


            #6
            e. Pages 8 AND 8a: This showed special clothing weapons issued: I can’t make all the entries but he was issued a wool blanket for sure.

            f. Pages 8? AND 9: More weapons issue and inoculations on page 9.
            Attached Files

            Comment


              #7
              g. Pages 10 AND 11: These pages show eye examinations, chest x rays or other misc. data. Urban was scheduled to have an x ray on 6 Nov. 1944. There is nothing to indicate he kept the appointment.

              h. Pages unnumbered: These pages aren’t numbered but probably belong with page 8. The only interesting entry was that Urban took training for convalescing officers which entitled him to compensation beginning on Jan 1, 1944.
              Attached Files

              Comment


                #8
                i. Pages 12 AND 13: These pages serve as a record of Hospitalization. First Lieutenant Thiersch suffered an enemy gunshot wound on or about September 14, 1942 and was treated at the 679 Army Mobile Field Hospital. He was evacuated to the rear on September 15, 1942 and would finally end up at the Reserve Hospital in Ravensburg (SW of Munich) in June 1943. He appears to have been finally released on January 10th 1944. I believe he was assigned to the 10th Light Artillery Replacement Abteilung in Regensburg in early 1943.

                Notice that at some point the Soldbuch was repaired using thread.
                Attached Files

                Comment


                  #9
                  j. Pages 14 AND 17: Page 14 shows that First Lieutenant Thiersch was issued an item of clothing by the 10th Light Artillery Replacement Abteilung on March 12, 1943. Pages 15-16 are missing. Whether the pages were accidently lost (during or after the war) or intentionally removed is unknown. Page 15 generally only contained a listing of valuables brought with the soldier into the hospital. However in 1943 page 15 was also used to record security checks that were supposed to validate document entries and signed and endorsed by the unit commander or adjutant. Page 16 showed dental examinations.
                  Attached Files

                  Comment


                    #10
                    k. Pages 18 AND 19: These pages listed the entries made by paymasters of the unit to which assigned. Urban began his military service on September 20, 1939 as an Unteroffizier in the 198th Artillery Regiment. On January 1, 1940 he was being paid as a Feldwebel. On June 1, 1940 he was being paid as a Lieutenant and finally as a 1st Lieutenant on June 1, 1942.
                    Attached Files

                    Comment


                      #11
                      l. Pages 20 AND 21: These pages listed the entries made by those other than the unit which attached for example hospitals. The last entry was made sometime in 1944 (date illegible) that correspond to an entry made on an unnumbered page referenced above.
                      Attached Files

                      Comment


                        #12
                        m. Pages 22 AND 23: Page 22 is a list of his awards. He was awarded the Austrian annexation medal prior to the war. He was awarded the EK II on July 2 1940 presumably for actions in France. The last three medals: East Front Campaign Medal, Black Wound Badge and the EK I were issued by the hospital during September 1942.

                        The 98th Infantry Division was formed on September 18, 1939, at the Grafenwoehr military training ground as part of Wehrkreis XIII. The division was equipped with Czech equipment. The division was to be operational by 1 November 1939. After it was formed it was deployed to the Saarpfalz to guard the German frontier. During the 1940 Western campaign, the division advanced from Speyer to St. Quentin, the Oise-Aise-Canal and the Aise to the Marne. The division then advanced to La Ferté south of Jouarre.
                        During the second part of the Western campaign, the division crossed the Seine at Fontaine le Port, the Loire near Sully and the Cher to the Indre. After the Western campaign, the division enjoyed a quiet period from August 1940 to February 1941.
                        On June 22, 1941 the division advanced into Russia as a part of Army Group South. The division advanced from Zamosc through Luzk, ****omir, Malin and Korosten to the Dnieper, which they crossed at Gornostaipol. They fought south-west of Chernihiv and took part in the breakthrough of the Desna position. Subsequently, the division advanced over the Ugra to Moscow's defensive position near Detschino, as a part of Army Group Center. After they penetrated the Soviet defenses at Maloyaroslawez, the division crossed the Protwa to the Nara, advancing southwest of Moscow. Here she was stopped by the Russian winter offensive.
                        From November to December defensive battles took place on the Nara and between the Protwa and Shanja as well as in the Malojarislawez and Medyn area. Between January and April 1942 the division was involved in heavy fighting near Juchnow and in the Ugra arch north of Juchnow.
                        From August 1942 to February 1943 the division fought at the Worja between Temkino and Gshatsk. First Lieutenant Thiersch was wounded on or about September 14, 1942 and would never serve in the Field Army after that.

                        Page 23 records all leave over 5 days. All the stamps correspond to units within the 198th Artillery Regiment.
                        Attached Files

                        Comment


                          #13
                          n. Pages 24 AND Back Cover: Page 24 (not numbered) is a continuation of leave over 5 days. All the leave annotated on this page was authorized while he was hospitalized. The last leave was recorded on December 14, 1943.

                          What is interesting is the partial stamp from Art. ? Was this just to verify that the tape used to make a repair to the book was authorized? History records that First Lieutenant Thiersch was authorized 8 days leave by the Artillery Abt. 10 after the failed plot. Obviously it’s not recorded in his Soldbuch. He was probably just given a paper leave form. Actually there are no recorded entries in the Soldbuch after 20 July 1944.


                          I hope you enjoyed it. Warm Regards Jim Pool
                          Attached Files

                          Comment


                            #14
                            Fantastic piece of history and great description

                            Comment


                              #15
                              Many compliments for your acquiring and for the great description too..that's why I love the document field!

                              Comment

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