Hello
Almost seven years ago i was lucky enough to talk via em to Helmuth Orschiedt a member of the DAK 33rd Art Regt, 15th Pz Div. He sent me this short story of his time in the DAK. Many thanks to Helmuth for his time spent talkin to me.
Here is Helmuth's story that he sent.....
""Summer 1940: In the 8th grade of the Realgymnasium (High School) at Ludwigshafen we youngsters (17 and 18 years old) were afraid we would be late to be „victorious“. Most of us went to the local recruiting office and volunteered. At that time this was a matter of honour. My father wanted me to become an officer in the artillery like he was one. Before joining the army, I had to pass several days examination for physical and mental fitness.
October 1940: The day of joining the army had come. I was drafted to the reserve battalion of the 33rd. Artillery Regiment, located at Darmstadt, Cambrai-Barracks. I got my „Abitur“ (Highschool Graduation) on the grounds of existing ratings. Basic drill began and it was tough, specially under the supervision of senior NCOs having undergone tough training themselves in the Reichswehr. Our chief drillmaster was Sgt. Maurus, a little man, Bavarian, ruthless and with a voice like the trumpets of Jericho. He drilled us how to walk, great, stand in line, march, handle the rifle (Carbine 98k) and other things „to become a soldier“.
November 1940: Transfer to Landau where the regimental HQ was stationed. Further training on the new LFH 18, 105 mm (Light Field Howitzer). The regiment was still horse-drawn and in a transition of being motorised, i.e. the guns got hard rubber rimmed wheels, half-track tow trucks arrived and soldiers were trained to driving the new equipment. Training was more aimed towards handling the equipment. Our chief drillmaster was Staff-Sgt. Wengermeyer, also Bavarian, tall, slim, tough. We respected him.
January 1941: Transfer to the 1st Battalion A.R.33 stationed at Bergzabern. I was newcomer to a seasoned troop which had already participated in the French Campaign. I met new comrades, some nice men, with whom I was in touch till their death some years back.
February 1941: The entire regiment moved to the field training camp Baumholder. We continued training together with tanks and infantry and shot life ammunition, improved our knowledge of changing positions fast and how to fire at tanks directly. What an experience of firing an artillery piece! I learned driving car and light truck. Specially this was a pleasant activity because we often drove away from the camp on state roads and on the new Autobahn, like on an excursion.
April 1941: All of a sudden we were informed our next trip would go South to North Afrika. In a hurry all equipment received tan camouflage, our grey uniforms were exchanged against tropical khaki, we were examined for physical fitness. Within less than 2 weeks the regiment was ready to go, equipment loaded on platform train wagons and we rolled south through Germany and Italy till we arrived at Naples. Coming out of the cold April we enjoyed the warmth of the Italian spring. All along our train ride we were greeted and when stopping at a station Italians came with vine and oranges wishing us good luck. Our quarters in Naples were in the suburb of Bagnoli. Aside from drill on our guns we toured the area, Pompei, Mount Vesuvio, Ercolaneo, Sorrento, Blue Grottoes etc. The good life was over soon.
May 1941: During the first week we started loading equipment on board of the merchant ship „Ernesto“and sailed on 8th May around Sicily, passing the little island of Pantelleria. My 18th birthday was on 9th May. After 3 days we arrived at Tripoli, safe of having been torpedoed or bombed and strafed by aircraft. The convoy was unloaded immediately. During the first half hour on land we staggered around like seamen. We drove out of the port as soon as we could and headed for camp on km no.5. There were still other troops of the 15th Panzer Division.
Gradually, they moved out and travelled East to the front. Our 2nd and 3rd battalions had already moved to Tobruk. After a few days in Camp km No.5 in order to get used to the hot Libyan climate orders came to take position on the Egyptian border. The trip on the Via Balbia to the West of Tobruk and from there on the dusty perimeter trail to the East of Tobruk, back on the Via Balbia to Ridotta Capuzzo took us about a week. We took position near point 206, about 5 km South of Capuzzo right at the barbed wire fence which formed the Egyptian border. Digging in was impossible because of an absolutely rocky underground. We had to build up stone walls for eventual shrapnel protection. An Italian battery was already in position to our right. Nice guys. It was quiet. The British were far away, out of our shooting range and so were we out of theirs. Accidentally, I met my old school mate Fritz Haege, member of MG Battalion 115 and visited him in his position
about 1 km forward, not suspecting that this was the last time I saw him. He was killed in action on 2nd December 1941 near Bardia.
June 1941: At sunrise on 15th June, after a cold night, I woke up by the screaming noise and explosions of artillery shells in front of our position. I was scared. The first time I experienced shelling. The whole battery got ready as shelling continued. Orders were shouted. Quiet life at the Egyptian border had ended. The Tommy was attacking our positions, though we did not see him at all. Our gun received orders to pull out and join another battery, a company of tanks and a battery of 88 mm FLAK and some infantry. Our tow truck pulled in and we hooked up. We drove first West and then South and during the day, always moving, had several contacts with British tanks, mostly crusaders MK IV. Their attempts to break through our defence lines were not successful. Our tanks and the 88 mm FLAK hit many of them and by the afternoon the desert was full of smoke from burning tanks and other vehicles. I saw the first dead soldiers both German and British. We
rested during the night and continued fighting the next day, again moving a lot like in a sea battle. During another attack, when firing our gun, I was swirled around and hit with my right leg the left strut of the guns carriage. My leg swell and walking was painful but I did not want to leave our crew. The injury got better after several hours. During another attack of British tanks a tank grenade hit the axle of our gun and wounded our 1st gunner, Cpl. Ludwig Selig. After he was bandaged, he also stayed with the crew. The damage to the gun was not very severe and we could still move. We suffered very much from thirst, the heat and being dirty all over from the dust without any possibility to wash up. On the third day the fighting was over and the Tommy had retreated to his starting positions. We called this „The Sollum Battle“, the British called it „Operation Battleaxe“. Their goal was breaking the siege of Tobruk, but their efforts failed
with the loss of nearly 100 tanks. But the units of the Afrika-Korps also had to lick their wounds.
I had no idea where we had been driving around, except I could sense we had been going South and East in our counter attack. Then we returned towards Bardia and rested, not taking our former position at the Egyptian border. We maintained and repaired our equipment, washed our uniforms, went swimming in the bay of Bardia, repaired the Via Balbia, helped to salvage goods from a half-sunken British freighter at the rock coast West of Bardia. We needed ropes to climb down the cliffs and swam over to the ship. The salvaged goods were tied together into rafts and then pulled ashore and hoisted up the cliff. We salvaged tinned fruit, potatoes, bacon, butter, sausages, meat, powdered milk, biscuits, tobacco, cigarettes and much more. All those goods helped to improve our tough living conditions in the summer heat of the desert.
22.Juni 1941: We were informed that the German army had started to attack the Soviet Union. We could not say much but looked into our eyes and discovered our thoughts. Some of the older soldiers said it was about time to get out of here, some others wondered how to get this engagement here finished. One had to be careful with remarks, anyway.
Then, all of a sudden, the ever present wind turned into a storm and a wall of sand approached from the South : GHIBLI, the much feared sandstorm killed every activity for three days. Sand and dust everywhere, even inside wrist watches. We wrapped our heads in clothes and laid down. Nothing else could be done to survive. We hardly could eat, always biting on sand. Then it was over as suddenly as coming.
Life in the desert was tough. Before starting out for North Africa I do not remember that we were told anything about conditions and how to cope with the different climate. But we learned very fast.
Most aggravating was the shortage of potable water. Derna was the only place to get good water. But for that the supply trucks had to make a three day journey around Tobruk on that ill-reputed dust trail and back. And there was always a shortage of petrol. Water wells between Tobruk and the frontier were few. Those accessible had been damaged or were polluted by the enemy. Anyway, the water we got most of the time was kind of dirty and tasted of salt. Did you ever drink coffee or tea made with salty water? Aside from being of inferior quality, water was extremely scarce. Water purification plants were not available. With our personal equipment, we had small canvas washing basins which helped much to economise on water.
Then our diet which was kind of dull: Dried vegetable soup, A.M.= Amministrazione Militare = tinned beef (we called it „Alter Mann“ = Old Man), tinned sardines, hard cheese, ADA Tubenkäse (soft cheese), Knäckebrot (thin dried rye bread) preserved dark bread (Wittler Dauerbrot), occasionally captured British food which we considered a delicacy.
We suffered much from flies. They were everywhere. We had fly nets we wore around our head to prevent a permanent molestation.
Personal hygiene was another issue. Washing, brushing teeth and shaving maybe three to four times a week. Primitive latrines (Donnerbalken) were only built when we stayed any length of time in one place. Otherwise, you walked away some distance with a spade or shovel and dug in your excrement. We called it „Spatengang“= spade walk. It was a strict order to do it that way. Unfortunately, the Italians cared less about it. The same order applied to discarded food tins or wrappings.
We also suffered under the heat. During the summer months midday temperatures ranged 40-45 degrees, night time temperature went down to near zero. But during the day there was always a breeze and almost no humidity in the air. This made the heat bearable. To find some shadow, we crawled under vehicles or under the struts of the gun carriage. The tropical helmets we were equipped with had been worn out quickly but we preferred the visor cap, anyway. Due to the enormous temperature drop during the night we wore waist bandages (Leibbinden) of roughed cotton and those who did not wear them often suffered from dysentery.
Our khaki uniforms of cotton cloth were quite adequate but during the summer we usually wore only shirt and shorts. Against the sunburn we were provided a milky liquid labelled „Tschamba Fji“ which provided excellent skin protection even for the light skinned. The label read that it was „Himalaya tested“. I never had a sunburn myself because me skin took tanning easily.
July/August/September 1941: On 26th July I received my routing order back to Germany for more training at the Artillery School Jueterbog (80 km S of Berlin) together with several other buddies from our regiment (Hans Meyer, Dieter Hagen, Heiner Chelius, K.H.Bunke, Hajo Mächtel, Schauß, H.G. Louis, Scheuermann, u.a.). We packed our things and started our trip back the following day, hitchhiking to Derna, the last time on the dusty trail around Tobruk. At Derna we cought a JU 52 transport plane and flew via Benghasi and Tripoli to Catania, Sicily. After resting there and cleaning up we continued by train to Naples. Again several days layover with health examination, sightseeing and waiting for transportation. Then by train to Germany. Our trip ended at Homburg, Saar.
Our Reserve Battalion had been moved there in the meanwhile. We all got two weeks leave which I spent at home, wearing proudly my faded Africa uniform. I had become quite skinny and very tanned. People craned their neck when passing me in the street. My dear mother did everything possible to spoil me with good home-cooked food. I enjoyed it like never before. My father, meanwhile promoted to Major and my brother, still going to highschool were also there. Leave over, I was detailed to attend driving school and learn horseback riding in a barracks at Niederlahnstein on the Rhine River. I learned to drive heavy trucks and enjoyed the horses, but also asking myself „what for?“ What do they have in mind? I am member or a motorised troop! It was fun anyway.
September 1941 to June 1942: 26th Training Course at the Artillery School Jueterbog. Of course we changed to feldgrau (field grey) uniforms. We learned all the tricks of sophisticated artillery shooting. Over the weekends we drove to Berlin quite often, arriving at the Anhalter Bahnhof (no longer existing). We had a nice hotel, saw movies, went to shows, operas and theatres. I also visited my father who had been transferred to a regiment in Russia but got very ill (pneumonia) after 3 or 4 weeks and was flown back to Berlin for treatment. I left Artillery School with the rank of Fahnenjunker-Wachtmeister (Ensign-Sgt.) and was routed back to the reserve battalion. The day before changing uniform and equipment to tropical garment, I fell sick with scarlet fever: 8 weeks quarantine in the hospital! In the radio I heard of the DAK-attacks in North Africa and the successful advance into Egypt and the conquest of Tobruk. I envied my comrades who made it to
Africa without catching scarlet fever. Finally, after 2 weeks of rehabilitation leave and some more organisational delays, I departed by train to Munich and from there with another troop transport by train to Athens, Greece. This trip in the heat of July was another torture. It took us about one week to reach Athens because of many stops on the way. Each train compartment was crammed with eight soldiers and their comprehensive packs.
July to October 1942: Having arrived in Athens on 3rd July in the summer heat, I flew after 3 days from Tatoi Airport to Heraklion, Crete, and after a layover of 2 days to El Adem, the airfield South of Tobruk, as backboard gunner. We flew only 20 to 30 meters above the water in a convoy of about 30 planes and I had volunteered to man the backboard MG 15 thinking of defending myself rather than sitting helpless in the cabin in case of an enemy air attack. But we crossed over safely. Having landed at El Adem we were rushed out and away. 15 Minutes later a British bomber squadron bombed the airfield but in the meantime the JU 52 were already on their way back to Crete. There was no time to waste.
I found a truck heading East to the front and we drove off after first going down to the port of Tobruk picking up supplies. Unbelievable: I was IN TOBRUK! Everything was in a mess. Only ruined buildings and the port full of sunk ships. But the depots were full of Tommy stuff. Two days later I was let off at our regiments supply unit near El Daba. I met some old buddies who invited me for something to eat. What a change to 1941: All had British equipment such as Primus petrol stoves, pans, food and squatted in the dunes to cook something exotic. They also wore British shirts, shorts, boots and underwear. I also noticed the large number of captured British vehicles, now marked with our symbols. The prey at Tobruk must have been enormous. Our pleasure was spoiled, however, by a British fighter strafing our area. One of us was hit in the heel and our meal was full of sand. I learned from the others of the growing presence of British planes. The general
situation was noticeably different from 1941. In the afternoon we drove to a building at El Daba which had been used by the British as a bakery. There was a pile of fresh bread and some more in the still hot ovens. What a difference to our bread! It was white, fresh and we ate it like cake.
On the following day I drove with a ¾-ton truck across the desert to the middle section of the El Alamein front to report to our regimental headquarters (El Ruweisat). All were pretty excited and in a great hurry because the first battle of El Alamein was still going on. I was quickly detailed to join the 5th battery of the 2nd battalion of our regiment. Back from the HQ a few hundred meters in a wadi I met Hajo Maechtel who invited me for some cooking while I was waiting for transportation to my battery. Again, this meal was spoiled by a flight of 2-engined bombers which crossed our wadi and dropped their bombs right into it. I had barely the time to jump in a foxhole for protection. Now, my senses began to sharpen. This was another fighting compared with 1941. Soon after this bombing surprise I found transportation to the 5th battery. Now what a surprise: I reported to our old Staff-Sgt. Josef Wengermeyer, our drillmaster from Landau, who had been
promoted to Oberleutnant (Lt. 1st class) and was our battery chief. Although now an officer himself, I had the feeling he did not like officer aspirants very much. I was detailed to head the ammunition supply lorries. In view of growing air superiority of the Tommy and with the idea of lorries loaded with artillery ammunition this was quite an awkward feeling. Anyway, I did not make many trips between ammunition depot and battery position because there was mostly nothing to transport. We carried out several changes of position and always the front part of the lorries (and other vehicles likewise) had to be dug in for protection against shrapnels. This saved us a lot of material, indeed. Occasionally the Tommy started to fire at us like crazy, at one occasion throughout the night. We suffered some dead and wounded and material damage. It was terrible to lie in your dugout and wait for the direct hit. Praying to the All mighty and thinking of home
helped to somewhat quiet your mind and to await the inevitable, if it had to be. This was war, different of what we thought it would be when we were the innocent youngsters. And it was the time of our youth which we spent out there in the African desert, helping the inadequately armed Italians to fight the Tommy. We did it for our fatherland and our Führer - we thought. We learned the other side was as efficient and stubborn and good fighters, just as we were.
One morning in August I felt lousy and threw up everything I had eaten. I reported to Old Wengermeyer and he sent me to see the doctor who only looked in my eyes, declaring I had jaundice (hepatitis infectiosa) and told me I was to go to hospital without further delay. Stumbling back to the battery I packed my things and an ambulance transported me and several others to the Field Hospital at Derna. A long way to go! I was more dead than alive when I arrived there. Against a receipt every patient had to turn in his side arm. I said good bye to me good, reliable Spanish Revolver (a S&W copy) which I liked to much and which was my personal property. By the way, I did not get it back and had to be satisfied with a 7,65 mm pistol when I was released. Treatment was very good and after 2 weeks I felt much better and was again able to walk around. Almost every 2nd day I walked into Derna and bought fresh fruit, specially tomatoes, on the market. These helped me
even more to recover. Besides Derna, Tripoli and Benghasi where about the only places where we got in touch with civilians. They were very friendly. Out in the desert where the fighting was, there were none. I heard of the Battle of Alam el Halfa (Sechs-Tage-Rennen - Six Day Race - we called it) and the failure and heavy losses. On the one hand, I was sorry not to be with my buddies, on the other hand I was glad to be in Derna. My blood and liver values became slowly better and I was able to recover some of the lost weight.
The day before I left the Field Hospital I attended the funeral of Flt.Cpt. Hans-Joachim Marseille, famous fighter pilot who had died after a fatal bail-out from his ME 109 fighter.
The travelled back to the El Alamein front by hitchhiking. Speaking about hitchhiking I made the experience that Italian drivers always stopped to give you a ride whereas German drivers often neglected the turned-up thumb. Italians in general were brave soldiers and very good comrades but many of their officers were „softies“. They had a great handicap: Their weapons and tanks were lousy equipment, specially the tanks were „rolling coffins“.
Back in my battery’s position I reported to a new chief. Old Wengermeyer had been sent back to Germany for more Officer’s Training, I heard. I was detailed to join the advanced artillery observer. I was there with my buddies Sgt. Hans Waechter and Sgt. Horst Vargel and a Lt. whose name I have forgotten. Squatting behind the „Scissors Telescope“ (24 power), I could look across to see the Tommy building up a strong force of tanks and guns. Bombing aggravated and we knew the day of the British attack would not be far. After two to three weeks there, I was again detailed to command the ammunition lorries. Bombing became harder every day. Mine fields were behind us and we could transport supplies only through alleys cleared by our engineers. Of course, the British artillery knew these alleys and directed their guns to them. Irregularly, they sent over a few rounds. Thus it was always a gamble when to use those alleys. On one occasion I was right in
there and we jumped for cover. Two of our men had been wounded by shrapnel.
23th October 1942: The front was fairly quiet except for some air activity of the enemy. With several buddies I was sitting in candle light under the canvas of a 3/4 ton truck playing cards. About a quarter to ten p.m. we called it a day and started to retire to our dug outs and tents through the moon-lit desert. Halfway to my tent which I shared with my driver Private Heimann, the eastern horizon lit up suddenly like flashes of a huge thunderstorm and seconds later I heard the thunder of artillery fire. I knew instantly: This is the beginning of the British attack and the release of the masses of tanks and artillery I had observed from my forward post as artillery observer. The fire did not reach us because it was directed against the large mine fields having been built for defence. After a while, maybe half-an-hour, the uninterrupted roar subsided and we heard sporadic shooting in the distance. Southeast of our position the same scene.
During the next days we had to change positions several times during that battle which moved back and forth but mainly to the advantage of the British. Bombing was quite heavy. When moving, we had developed a certain strategy to evade bomb carpets by closely observing the maneuvers of bomber squadrons and the instant they dropped bombs. With running motors we drove out full throttle at a ninety degree angle from the expected bombing carpet and normally, we made it to a safe distance. It was always a gamble but it worked, saving us casualties and material losses.
When the British attacked a ridge which was held by us we came again under heavy artillery fire which we answered with the few rounds we had available. We had to pull out and take another position to the rear. One of our howitzers had to be left behind because its half-track tow truck was damaged. My lorry, a strong Canadian Chevrolet, all steel, ammunition on board received the order to retrieve than gun. It was standing in a flat depression maybe 1 km away. Although the area was covered with enemy fire, we got it out in a hurry, not suffering any casualties.
Then I had to drive off with two lorries to get ammunition. On the way to the depot my lorry collided with a self-propelled ant-tank gun, changing position. The rear axle was hit and spring leaves bent. As I knew where to find the maintenance company we drove there whereas the other lorry continued to the ammo depot. They had a spare spring and guiding rod and with their help we exchanged it. Later at the ammo depot we loaded what we could find but there was not much left. I tried to find my battery and in driving around I was stopped by an officer and ordered to retreat. He said we have to go back, the defence line was no longer to be held and should report to a check point near Tobruk. By the time we arrived there, this check point had been moved to Benghasi. Retreat during the first few days was pretty fast because the British were always on our heels. As their supply lines became longer, their momentum slowed down much.
Our problem always was how to get petrol. I don’t remember how but my driver Heimann always „organized“ enough to keep us going. At the Benghasi checkpoint I received the order to join the „Ballerstedt Group“ at Buerat. There we built the Buerat Line: Mine fields, trenches, barbed wire, dugouts, gun positions. This defence line extended south into the desert about 20 km. It did not help, anyway, because the main force of the British 8th Army travelled in the south and could easily cut off our troops. Our efforts had been useless.
Christmas 1942 was there and we were sitting in the desert. In spite of all the chaos connected with a retreating army, supply had found us and delivered vine, some chocolate, fresh bread and other goodies we hadn’t seen in months. Temperatures were mild, around 20-25 degrees. Meanwhile the Americans had landed in Morocco. We knew this would be the end and only a question of time.
January/March 1943: After a short rest we moved on towards Tripoli, passing by the oasis of Beni Ulid in very hilly and rocky country. Coming down the hills I met my old buddy Lt. Hans Meyer who was in the staff of our battalion. After a short chat he told me the directions to Azizia, a small town South of Tripoli and that our division would join with fresh troops having been ferried over from Sicily in a hurry. On my trip between Buerat and Beni Ulid I was wounded on my right index finger. It was infected and hurt terribly. Near Beni Ulid I finally found a doctor. He cut a slit in my finger, new bandage, and let me go. After Azizia, where we stayed several days, well camouflaged under trees (!!), we moved in direction of Tripoli and further west towards Tunesia. I think we crossed the border of Tunesia around the 15th January 1943. Time went by with maintenance, reorganisation, -- and the problem with my finger which would not heal.
What a change in landscape! We thought having come to paradise, out of the almost vegetation free desert into date palm tree groves, little water brooklets, civilian people, houses, animals, back to civilisation. We heard the muezzin calling for prayer, ate fresh dates, had good water, shadow. The Mareth line was readied for defence. On a mission to Sousse my supply lorries were attacked by planes. We saw them coming early enough to jump for cover. Funny planes we thought, twin-hulled and quite maneuverable, we had not seen any of those before. Must have been American Lightnings. One lorry was hit and we had to leave it behind.
When these Lightnings flew away, w thought of being safe. But were surprised of being machine gunned at from the rear of the cupola! There was another gunner!
In spite of seeing a doctor or medical as often as I could, my finger would not heal and one day my right thigh started to hurt which became worse from day to day. I had to go to hospital because walking was almost impossible. I remembered the Sollum Battle in June 1941 when I smashed against the gun’s carriage. In the Sousse hospital they X-rayed my and discovered a swelling on the bone but did not dare to operate because of an uncertain diagnosis. My leg was put in splints, I was immobile and suffered from pain. Soon, I was told to be evacuated and two days later transported to Sfax, then the following day, still spinted and on stretcher loaded on a hospital ship anchored about 1 mile out on the Mediterranean. I left Africa about the 15th March 1943 and arrived a few days later via Naples and from there by hospital train at Rosenheim, Bavaria, where I stayed during the following six month. ""
Quite a revealing look into the life of a DAK solder. Hope You enjoyed it.
Tim
Almost seven years ago i was lucky enough to talk via em to Helmuth Orschiedt a member of the DAK 33rd Art Regt, 15th Pz Div. He sent me this short story of his time in the DAK. Many thanks to Helmuth for his time spent talkin to me.
Here is Helmuth's story that he sent.....
""Summer 1940: In the 8th grade of the Realgymnasium (High School) at Ludwigshafen we youngsters (17 and 18 years old) were afraid we would be late to be „victorious“. Most of us went to the local recruiting office and volunteered. At that time this was a matter of honour. My father wanted me to become an officer in the artillery like he was one. Before joining the army, I had to pass several days examination for physical and mental fitness.
October 1940: The day of joining the army had come. I was drafted to the reserve battalion of the 33rd. Artillery Regiment, located at Darmstadt, Cambrai-Barracks. I got my „Abitur“ (Highschool Graduation) on the grounds of existing ratings. Basic drill began and it was tough, specially under the supervision of senior NCOs having undergone tough training themselves in the Reichswehr. Our chief drillmaster was Sgt. Maurus, a little man, Bavarian, ruthless and with a voice like the trumpets of Jericho. He drilled us how to walk, great, stand in line, march, handle the rifle (Carbine 98k) and other things „to become a soldier“.
November 1940: Transfer to Landau where the regimental HQ was stationed. Further training on the new LFH 18, 105 mm (Light Field Howitzer). The regiment was still horse-drawn and in a transition of being motorised, i.e. the guns got hard rubber rimmed wheels, half-track tow trucks arrived and soldiers were trained to driving the new equipment. Training was more aimed towards handling the equipment. Our chief drillmaster was Staff-Sgt. Wengermeyer, also Bavarian, tall, slim, tough. We respected him.
January 1941: Transfer to the 1st Battalion A.R.33 stationed at Bergzabern. I was newcomer to a seasoned troop which had already participated in the French Campaign. I met new comrades, some nice men, with whom I was in touch till their death some years back.
February 1941: The entire regiment moved to the field training camp Baumholder. We continued training together with tanks and infantry and shot life ammunition, improved our knowledge of changing positions fast and how to fire at tanks directly. What an experience of firing an artillery piece! I learned driving car and light truck. Specially this was a pleasant activity because we often drove away from the camp on state roads and on the new Autobahn, like on an excursion.
April 1941: All of a sudden we were informed our next trip would go South to North Afrika. In a hurry all equipment received tan camouflage, our grey uniforms were exchanged against tropical khaki, we were examined for physical fitness. Within less than 2 weeks the regiment was ready to go, equipment loaded on platform train wagons and we rolled south through Germany and Italy till we arrived at Naples. Coming out of the cold April we enjoyed the warmth of the Italian spring. All along our train ride we were greeted and when stopping at a station Italians came with vine and oranges wishing us good luck. Our quarters in Naples were in the suburb of Bagnoli. Aside from drill on our guns we toured the area, Pompei, Mount Vesuvio, Ercolaneo, Sorrento, Blue Grottoes etc. The good life was over soon.
May 1941: During the first week we started loading equipment on board of the merchant ship „Ernesto“and sailed on 8th May around Sicily, passing the little island of Pantelleria. My 18th birthday was on 9th May. After 3 days we arrived at Tripoli, safe of having been torpedoed or bombed and strafed by aircraft. The convoy was unloaded immediately. During the first half hour on land we staggered around like seamen. We drove out of the port as soon as we could and headed for camp on km no.5. There were still other troops of the 15th Panzer Division.
Gradually, they moved out and travelled East to the front. Our 2nd and 3rd battalions had already moved to Tobruk. After a few days in Camp km No.5 in order to get used to the hot Libyan climate orders came to take position on the Egyptian border. The trip on the Via Balbia to the West of Tobruk and from there on the dusty perimeter trail to the East of Tobruk, back on the Via Balbia to Ridotta Capuzzo took us about a week. We took position near point 206, about 5 km South of Capuzzo right at the barbed wire fence which formed the Egyptian border. Digging in was impossible because of an absolutely rocky underground. We had to build up stone walls for eventual shrapnel protection. An Italian battery was already in position to our right. Nice guys. It was quiet. The British were far away, out of our shooting range and so were we out of theirs. Accidentally, I met my old school mate Fritz Haege, member of MG Battalion 115 and visited him in his position
about 1 km forward, not suspecting that this was the last time I saw him. He was killed in action on 2nd December 1941 near Bardia.
June 1941: At sunrise on 15th June, after a cold night, I woke up by the screaming noise and explosions of artillery shells in front of our position. I was scared. The first time I experienced shelling. The whole battery got ready as shelling continued. Orders were shouted. Quiet life at the Egyptian border had ended. The Tommy was attacking our positions, though we did not see him at all. Our gun received orders to pull out and join another battery, a company of tanks and a battery of 88 mm FLAK and some infantry. Our tow truck pulled in and we hooked up. We drove first West and then South and during the day, always moving, had several contacts with British tanks, mostly crusaders MK IV. Their attempts to break through our defence lines were not successful. Our tanks and the 88 mm FLAK hit many of them and by the afternoon the desert was full of smoke from burning tanks and other vehicles. I saw the first dead soldiers both German and British. We
rested during the night and continued fighting the next day, again moving a lot like in a sea battle. During another attack, when firing our gun, I was swirled around and hit with my right leg the left strut of the guns carriage. My leg swell and walking was painful but I did not want to leave our crew. The injury got better after several hours. During another attack of British tanks a tank grenade hit the axle of our gun and wounded our 1st gunner, Cpl. Ludwig Selig. After he was bandaged, he also stayed with the crew. The damage to the gun was not very severe and we could still move. We suffered very much from thirst, the heat and being dirty all over from the dust without any possibility to wash up. On the third day the fighting was over and the Tommy had retreated to his starting positions. We called this „The Sollum Battle“, the British called it „Operation Battleaxe“. Their goal was breaking the siege of Tobruk, but their efforts failed
with the loss of nearly 100 tanks. But the units of the Afrika-Korps also had to lick their wounds.
I had no idea where we had been driving around, except I could sense we had been going South and East in our counter attack. Then we returned towards Bardia and rested, not taking our former position at the Egyptian border. We maintained and repaired our equipment, washed our uniforms, went swimming in the bay of Bardia, repaired the Via Balbia, helped to salvage goods from a half-sunken British freighter at the rock coast West of Bardia. We needed ropes to climb down the cliffs and swam over to the ship. The salvaged goods were tied together into rafts and then pulled ashore and hoisted up the cliff. We salvaged tinned fruit, potatoes, bacon, butter, sausages, meat, powdered milk, biscuits, tobacco, cigarettes and much more. All those goods helped to improve our tough living conditions in the summer heat of the desert.
22.Juni 1941: We were informed that the German army had started to attack the Soviet Union. We could not say much but looked into our eyes and discovered our thoughts. Some of the older soldiers said it was about time to get out of here, some others wondered how to get this engagement here finished. One had to be careful with remarks, anyway.
Then, all of a sudden, the ever present wind turned into a storm and a wall of sand approached from the South : GHIBLI, the much feared sandstorm killed every activity for three days. Sand and dust everywhere, even inside wrist watches. We wrapped our heads in clothes and laid down. Nothing else could be done to survive. We hardly could eat, always biting on sand. Then it was over as suddenly as coming.
Life in the desert was tough. Before starting out for North Africa I do not remember that we were told anything about conditions and how to cope with the different climate. But we learned very fast.
Most aggravating was the shortage of potable water. Derna was the only place to get good water. But for that the supply trucks had to make a three day journey around Tobruk on that ill-reputed dust trail and back. And there was always a shortage of petrol. Water wells between Tobruk and the frontier were few. Those accessible had been damaged or were polluted by the enemy. Anyway, the water we got most of the time was kind of dirty and tasted of salt. Did you ever drink coffee or tea made with salty water? Aside from being of inferior quality, water was extremely scarce. Water purification plants were not available. With our personal equipment, we had small canvas washing basins which helped much to economise on water.
Then our diet which was kind of dull: Dried vegetable soup, A.M.= Amministrazione Militare = tinned beef (we called it „Alter Mann“ = Old Man), tinned sardines, hard cheese, ADA Tubenkäse (soft cheese), Knäckebrot (thin dried rye bread) preserved dark bread (Wittler Dauerbrot), occasionally captured British food which we considered a delicacy.
We suffered much from flies. They were everywhere. We had fly nets we wore around our head to prevent a permanent molestation.
Personal hygiene was another issue. Washing, brushing teeth and shaving maybe three to four times a week. Primitive latrines (Donnerbalken) were only built when we stayed any length of time in one place. Otherwise, you walked away some distance with a spade or shovel and dug in your excrement. We called it „Spatengang“= spade walk. It was a strict order to do it that way. Unfortunately, the Italians cared less about it. The same order applied to discarded food tins or wrappings.
We also suffered under the heat. During the summer months midday temperatures ranged 40-45 degrees, night time temperature went down to near zero. But during the day there was always a breeze and almost no humidity in the air. This made the heat bearable. To find some shadow, we crawled under vehicles or under the struts of the gun carriage. The tropical helmets we were equipped with had been worn out quickly but we preferred the visor cap, anyway. Due to the enormous temperature drop during the night we wore waist bandages (Leibbinden) of roughed cotton and those who did not wear them often suffered from dysentery.
Our khaki uniforms of cotton cloth were quite adequate but during the summer we usually wore only shirt and shorts. Against the sunburn we were provided a milky liquid labelled „Tschamba Fji“ which provided excellent skin protection even for the light skinned. The label read that it was „Himalaya tested“. I never had a sunburn myself because me skin took tanning easily.
July/August/September 1941: On 26th July I received my routing order back to Germany for more training at the Artillery School Jueterbog (80 km S of Berlin) together with several other buddies from our regiment (Hans Meyer, Dieter Hagen, Heiner Chelius, K.H.Bunke, Hajo Mächtel, Schauß, H.G. Louis, Scheuermann, u.a.). We packed our things and started our trip back the following day, hitchhiking to Derna, the last time on the dusty trail around Tobruk. At Derna we cought a JU 52 transport plane and flew via Benghasi and Tripoli to Catania, Sicily. After resting there and cleaning up we continued by train to Naples. Again several days layover with health examination, sightseeing and waiting for transportation. Then by train to Germany. Our trip ended at Homburg, Saar.
Our Reserve Battalion had been moved there in the meanwhile. We all got two weeks leave which I spent at home, wearing proudly my faded Africa uniform. I had become quite skinny and very tanned. People craned their neck when passing me in the street. My dear mother did everything possible to spoil me with good home-cooked food. I enjoyed it like never before. My father, meanwhile promoted to Major and my brother, still going to highschool were also there. Leave over, I was detailed to attend driving school and learn horseback riding in a barracks at Niederlahnstein on the Rhine River. I learned to drive heavy trucks and enjoyed the horses, but also asking myself „what for?“ What do they have in mind? I am member or a motorised troop! It was fun anyway.
September 1941 to June 1942: 26th Training Course at the Artillery School Jueterbog. Of course we changed to feldgrau (field grey) uniforms. We learned all the tricks of sophisticated artillery shooting. Over the weekends we drove to Berlin quite often, arriving at the Anhalter Bahnhof (no longer existing). We had a nice hotel, saw movies, went to shows, operas and theatres. I also visited my father who had been transferred to a regiment in Russia but got very ill (pneumonia) after 3 or 4 weeks and was flown back to Berlin for treatment. I left Artillery School with the rank of Fahnenjunker-Wachtmeister (Ensign-Sgt.) and was routed back to the reserve battalion. The day before changing uniform and equipment to tropical garment, I fell sick with scarlet fever: 8 weeks quarantine in the hospital! In the radio I heard of the DAK-attacks in North Africa and the successful advance into Egypt and the conquest of Tobruk. I envied my comrades who made it to
Africa without catching scarlet fever. Finally, after 2 weeks of rehabilitation leave and some more organisational delays, I departed by train to Munich and from there with another troop transport by train to Athens, Greece. This trip in the heat of July was another torture. It took us about one week to reach Athens because of many stops on the way. Each train compartment was crammed with eight soldiers and their comprehensive packs.
July to October 1942: Having arrived in Athens on 3rd July in the summer heat, I flew after 3 days from Tatoi Airport to Heraklion, Crete, and after a layover of 2 days to El Adem, the airfield South of Tobruk, as backboard gunner. We flew only 20 to 30 meters above the water in a convoy of about 30 planes and I had volunteered to man the backboard MG 15 thinking of defending myself rather than sitting helpless in the cabin in case of an enemy air attack. But we crossed over safely. Having landed at El Adem we were rushed out and away. 15 Minutes later a British bomber squadron bombed the airfield but in the meantime the JU 52 were already on their way back to Crete. There was no time to waste.
I found a truck heading East to the front and we drove off after first going down to the port of Tobruk picking up supplies. Unbelievable: I was IN TOBRUK! Everything was in a mess. Only ruined buildings and the port full of sunk ships. But the depots were full of Tommy stuff. Two days later I was let off at our regiments supply unit near El Daba. I met some old buddies who invited me for something to eat. What a change to 1941: All had British equipment such as Primus petrol stoves, pans, food and squatted in the dunes to cook something exotic. They also wore British shirts, shorts, boots and underwear. I also noticed the large number of captured British vehicles, now marked with our symbols. The prey at Tobruk must have been enormous. Our pleasure was spoiled, however, by a British fighter strafing our area. One of us was hit in the heel and our meal was full of sand. I learned from the others of the growing presence of British planes. The general
situation was noticeably different from 1941. In the afternoon we drove to a building at El Daba which had been used by the British as a bakery. There was a pile of fresh bread and some more in the still hot ovens. What a difference to our bread! It was white, fresh and we ate it like cake.
On the following day I drove with a ¾-ton truck across the desert to the middle section of the El Alamein front to report to our regimental headquarters (El Ruweisat). All were pretty excited and in a great hurry because the first battle of El Alamein was still going on. I was quickly detailed to join the 5th battery of the 2nd battalion of our regiment. Back from the HQ a few hundred meters in a wadi I met Hajo Maechtel who invited me for some cooking while I was waiting for transportation to my battery. Again, this meal was spoiled by a flight of 2-engined bombers which crossed our wadi and dropped their bombs right into it. I had barely the time to jump in a foxhole for protection. Now, my senses began to sharpen. This was another fighting compared with 1941. Soon after this bombing surprise I found transportation to the 5th battery. Now what a surprise: I reported to our old Staff-Sgt. Josef Wengermeyer, our drillmaster from Landau, who had been
promoted to Oberleutnant (Lt. 1st class) and was our battery chief. Although now an officer himself, I had the feeling he did not like officer aspirants very much. I was detailed to head the ammunition supply lorries. In view of growing air superiority of the Tommy and with the idea of lorries loaded with artillery ammunition this was quite an awkward feeling. Anyway, I did not make many trips between ammunition depot and battery position because there was mostly nothing to transport. We carried out several changes of position and always the front part of the lorries (and other vehicles likewise) had to be dug in for protection against shrapnels. This saved us a lot of material, indeed. Occasionally the Tommy started to fire at us like crazy, at one occasion throughout the night. We suffered some dead and wounded and material damage. It was terrible to lie in your dugout and wait for the direct hit. Praying to the All mighty and thinking of home
helped to somewhat quiet your mind and to await the inevitable, if it had to be. This was war, different of what we thought it would be when we were the innocent youngsters. And it was the time of our youth which we spent out there in the African desert, helping the inadequately armed Italians to fight the Tommy. We did it for our fatherland and our Führer - we thought. We learned the other side was as efficient and stubborn and good fighters, just as we were.
One morning in August I felt lousy and threw up everything I had eaten. I reported to Old Wengermeyer and he sent me to see the doctor who only looked in my eyes, declaring I had jaundice (hepatitis infectiosa) and told me I was to go to hospital without further delay. Stumbling back to the battery I packed my things and an ambulance transported me and several others to the Field Hospital at Derna. A long way to go! I was more dead than alive when I arrived there. Against a receipt every patient had to turn in his side arm. I said good bye to me good, reliable Spanish Revolver (a S&W copy) which I liked to much and which was my personal property. By the way, I did not get it back and had to be satisfied with a 7,65 mm pistol when I was released. Treatment was very good and after 2 weeks I felt much better and was again able to walk around. Almost every 2nd day I walked into Derna and bought fresh fruit, specially tomatoes, on the market. These helped me
even more to recover. Besides Derna, Tripoli and Benghasi where about the only places where we got in touch with civilians. They were very friendly. Out in the desert where the fighting was, there were none. I heard of the Battle of Alam el Halfa (Sechs-Tage-Rennen - Six Day Race - we called it) and the failure and heavy losses. On the one hand, I was sorry not to be with my buddies, on the other hand I was glad to be in Derna. My blood and liver values became slowly better and I was able to recover some of the lost weight.
The day before I left the Field Hospital I attended the funeral of Flt.Cpt. Hans-Joachim Marseille, famous fighter pilot who had died after a fatal bail-out from his ME 109 fighter.
The travelled back to the El Alamein front by hitchhiking. Speaking about hitchhiking I made the experience that Italian drivers always stopped to give you a ride whereas German drivers often neglected the turned-up thumb. Italians in general were brave soldiers and very good comrades but many of their officers were „softies“. They had a great handicap: Their weapons and tanks were lousy equipment, specially the tanks were „rolling coffins“.
Back in my battery’s position I reported to a new chief. Old Wengermeyer had been sent back to Germany for more Officer’s Training, I heard. I was detailed to join the advanced artillery observer. I was there with my buddies Sgt. Hans Waechter and Sgt. Horst Vargel and a Lt. whose name I have forgotten. Squatting behind the „Scissors Telescope“ (24 power), I could look across to see the Tommy building up a strong force of tanks and guns. Bombing aggravated and we knew the day of the British attack would not be far. After two to three weeks there, I was again detailed to command the ammunition lorries. Bombing became harder every day. Mine fields were behind us and we could transport supplies only through alleys cleared by our engineers. Of course, the British artillery knew these alleys and directed their guns to them. Irregularly, they sent over a few rounds. Thus it was always a gamble when to use those alleys. On one occasion I was right in
there and we jumped for cover. Two of our men had been wounded by shrapnel.
23th October 1942: The front was fairly quiet except for some air activity of the enemy. With several buddies I was sitting in candle light under the canvas of a 3/4 ton truck playing cards. About a quarter to ten p.m. we called it a day and started to retire to our dug outs and tents through the moon-lit desert. Halfway to my tent which I shared with my driver Private Heimann, the eastern horizon lit up suddenly like flashes of a huge thunderstorm and seconds later I heard the thunder of artillery fire. I knew instantly: This is the beginning of the British attack and the release of the masses of tanks and artillery I had observed from my forward post as artillery observer. The fire did not reach us because it was directed against the large mine fields having been built for defence. After a while, maybe half-an-hour, the uninterrupted roar subsided and we heard sporadic shooting in the distance. Southeast of our position the same scene.
During the next days we had to change positions several times during that battle which moved back and forth but mainly to the advantage of the British. Bombing was quite heavy. When moving, we had developed a certain strategy to evade bomb carpets by closely observing the maneuvers of bomber squadrons and the instant they dropped bombs. With running motors we drove out full throttle at a ninety degree angle from the expected bombing carpet and normally, we made it to a safe distance. It was always a gamble but it worked, saving us casualties and material losses.
When the British attacked a ridge which was held by us we came again under heavy artillery fire which we answered with the few rounds we had available. We had to pull out and take another position to the rear. One of our howitzers had to be left behind because its half-track tow truck was damaged. My lorry, a strong Canadian Chevrolet, all steel, ammunition on board received the order to retrieve than gun. It was standing in a flat depression maybe 1 km away. Although the area was covered with enemy fire, we got it out in a hurry, not suffering any casualties.
Then I had to drive off with two lorries to get ammunition. On the way to the depot my lorry collided with a self-propelled ant-tank gun, changing position. The rear axle was hit and spring leaves bent. As I knew where to find the maintenance company we drove there whereas the other lorry continued to the ammo depot. They had a spare spring and guiding rod and with their help we exchanged it. Later at the ammo depot we loaded what we could find but there was not much left. I tried to find my battery and in driving around I was stopped by an officer and ordered to retreat. He said we have to go back, the defence line was no longer to be held and should report to a check point near Tobruk. By the time we arrived there, this check point had been moved to Benghasi. Retreat during the first few days was pretty fast because the British were always on our heels. As their supply lines became longer, their momentum slowed down much.
Our problem always was how to get petrol. I don’t remember how but my driver Heimann always „organized“ enough to keep us going. At the Benghasi checkpoint I received the order to join the „Ballerstedt Group“ at Buerat. There we built the Buerat Line: Mine fields, trenches, barbed wire, dugouts, gun positions. This defence line extended south into the desert about 20 km. It did not help, anyway, because the main force of the British 8th Army travelled in the south and could easily cut off our troops. Our efforts had been useless.
Christmas 1942 was there and we were sitting in the desert. In spite of all the chaos connected with a retreating army, supply had found us and delivered vine, some chocolate, fresh bread and other goodies we hadn’t seen in months. Temperatures were mild, around 20-25 degrees. Meanwhile the Americans had landed in Morocco. We knew this would be the end and only a question of time.
January/March 1943: After a short rest we moved on towards Tripoli, passing by the oasis of Beni Ulid in very hilly and rocky country. Coming down the hills I met my old buddy Lt. Hans Meyer who was in the staff of our battalion. After a short chat he told me the directions to Azizia, a small town South of Tripoli and that our division would join with fresh troops having been ferried over from Sicily in a hurry. On my trip between Buerat and Beni Ulid I was wounded on my right index finger. It was infected and hurt terribly. Near Beni Ulid I finally found a doctor. He cut a slit in my finger, new bandage, and let me go. After Azizia, where we stayed several days, well camouflaged under trees (!!), we moved in direction of Tripoli and further west towards Tunesia. I think we crossed the border of Tunesia around the 15th January 1943. Time went by with maintenance, reorganisation, -- and the problem with my finger which would not heal.
What a change in landscape! We thought having come to paradise, out of the almost vegetation free desert into date palm tree groves, little water brooklets, civilian people, houses, animals, back to civilisation. We heard the muezzin calling for prayer, ate fresh dates, had good water, shadow. The Mareth line was readied for defence. On a mission to Sousse my supply lorries were attacked by planes. We saw them coming early enough to jump for cover. Funny planes we thought, twin-hulled and quite maneuverable, we had not seen any of those before. Must have been American Lightnings. One lorry was hit and we had to leave it behind.
When these Lightnings flew away, w thought of being safe. But were surprised of being machine gunned at from the rear of the cupola! There was another gunner!
In spite of seeing a doctor or medical as often as I could, my finger would not heal and one day my right thigh started to hurt which became worse from day to day. I had to go to hospital because walking was almost impossible. I remembered the Sollum Battle in June 1941 when I smashed against the gun’s carriage. In the Sousse hospital they X-rayed my and discovered a swelling on the bone but did not dare to operate because of an uncertain diagnosis. My leg was put in splints, I was immobile and suffered from pain. Soon, I was told to be evacuated and two days later transported to Sfax, then the following day, still spinted and on stretcher loaded on a hospital ship anchored about 1 mile out on the Mediterranean. I left Africa about the 15th March 1943 and arrived a few days later via Naples and from there by hospital train at Rosenheim, Bavaria, where I stayed during the following six month. ""
Quite a revealing look into the life of a DAK solder. Hope You enjoyed it.
Tim
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