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The Identity Disc of the German Railway Detectives

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    The Identity Disc of the German Railway Detectives

    The German Railway Detectives- the Reichsbahn Fahndungs Dienst (RBFD)*

    The Dienstmarke (Identity Disc):

    Recently discovered is an example of a previously unknown identity disc for the Reichsbahn Fahndungs Dienst. The disc measures 45mm in diameter, is of iron alloy and minted like the Third Reich police Dienstmarken. The magnetic disc is marked on one side with the national emblem and on the other with the words “Reichsbahn/ Fahndungs/ Dienst” in three lines. This example has been de-nazified apparently for post-WWII usage or by an owner who disliked viewing the swastika. The surface shows some pitting from rust corrosion. In my experience with German police discs, it has been obvious that reproductions of those discs of high iron content such as those for the Gemeinde Kriminalpolizei and Geheime Staatspolizei of late issue are never to be found as the iron content has proved to be too difficult to duplicate. Notice how the font of this disc is identical to the font used in the Zoll Fahndungs Dienst discs that have been in collectors hands for some years and never duplicated.

    According to noted Dienstmarken researcher Joachim Streckwaldt, a Dienstmarke was created for the Imperial Prussian Bahnpolizei sometime after 1882. This disc featured the Royal Prussian flying eagle on one side above the name of the respective Prussian EIsenbahn Direktion and on the other side the words “Polizei Beamter Für Einsenbahn Interessen”. This style disc was used through WWI; and, with the creation of the Weimar Republic, the design was modified from the Imperial Prussian eagle to the Prussian State eagle. But the wording on the opposite side of the disc remained the same. In 2003, a disc bearing the same language and an issue number but with a Third Reich State eagle on the reverse side was discovered. Upon discovery, It was believed that this was an example of the Reichsbahn Fahndungsdienst Dienstmarke. But as it bears the text of all previous “Bahnpolizei” discs, is there anything to substantiate this belief.

    But now we have a obvious period disc of material not suitable to reproduction or fakery that displays the proper state seal and language suitable for a disc of the Reichsbahn Fahndungs Dienst of the Third Reich.


    Background:

    With the memories of early victories of 1939, 1940 and 1941, the Germans faced the growing problem of strangers in their country: prisoners of war, conscripted labor and displaced persons and German soldiers AWOL. The Reichs Sicherheits Hauptamt (RSHA) saw in the RBFD a natural ally and source of additional manpower for its growing role of policing the homeland. The RBFD was created in 1928 along with the Reichs Bahnpolizei as the two police branches of the nationalized German railroads. The Bahnpolizei was of course the uniformed police force charged with maintaining law and order on railroad property and trains. The RBFD was charged with the investigation and elimination of theft and white collar crime against the Reichsbahn.

    But with the increasing difficulty of investigating all manner of crimes within the Reich, the RFSS Himmler saw the RBFD as another tool in control of the populations. Beginning in 1943, the RFSS began negotiations with the Reichsverkehrsministerium (RVM), the Reich Transport Ministry, to bring the RBFD into its sphere of control. Decrees were published in March and April 1943 that allowed the RSHA control of members of the RBFD to assist in the investigation of political or other crimes. As such, the specialized training of its agents and the selection of equipment and personnel was controlled by the RSHA. The RBFD became a Hilfs-Polizei of the RSHA.

    In March of 1944, another decree further cemented the RSHA control of the RBFD, further defining the specific areas of jurisdiction as well as incorporating new identification for RBFD agents. The decree specifically authorizes the recall of all former round RBFD identity discs. This recall must be for the steel Reichsbahn Fahndungs Dienst Marke. In place of the round RBFD dics, Dienstmarken similar in design to the Kriminalpolizei Dienstmarken were to be issued, in same size, metal color and with the same eagle on the side. On the other side was to be the word “Reichsbahnfahndungsdienst”. In addition, an Ausweis similar in design to the Kripo Ausweis was authorized. To date, no example of this Dienstmarke or Ausweis has surfaced.

    -Information for this article was sourced from the SHAEF manual “The German Police”, period Ministerialblätter d. R.u. P.M.d.I. and the website of Joachim Streckwaldt at http://ausweismarke.de/4579.html

    *Fahndung is a term of varying interpretation. Most interpretations of the Reichsbahn service are a criminal investigation service. But the SHAEF manual discusses the Fahndung as a search for wanted persons.
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    Attached Files
    Last edited by Dave C.; 03-08-2020, 11:30 PM.

    #2
    Great post Joe.

    Comment


      #3
      Great stuff !

      Comment


        #4
        Joe, do you think there could be actually more than two separate "detective" type services within the Reichs Bahn?

        There is the Bahn-Polizei Beamter, this is the type of disc Herr Streckwaldt owns, and the only one to surface so far, and possibly a plain clothes branch official.

        And now, the , the dienstmarke that you've shared with us, and again a seemingly one of example, the first to surface.

        I am just wondering if there were two different plainclothes services that required a disc. Both the Reichsbahnfahndungsdienst and the Bahn-Polizei Beamter?

        I really don't think that the Bahn Polizei Beamter is the same branch as the regular Bahnschutzpolizei or the Bahnpolizei which were the uniformed branches with military type ranks, ie; Bz-Pol.-Mann, Bahnschutzmanner.

        What are your thoughts?

        Comment


          #5
          Joe, thanks for posting.

          Could you possibly post some better pictures, can't make out the serial number because of the Photo Bucket Logo in the way.

          Comment


            #6
            Originally posted by SMV View Post
            Joe, do you think there could be actually more than two separate "detective" type services within the Reichs Bahn?

            There is the Bahn-Polizei Beamter, this is the type of disc Herr Streckwaldt owns, and the only one to surface so far, and possibly a plain clothes branch official.

            And now, the , the dienstmarke that you've shared with us, and again a seemingly one of example, the first to surface.

            I am just wondering if there were two different plainclothes services that required a disc. Both the Reichsbahnfahndungsdienst and the Bahn-Polizei Beamter?

            I really don't think that the Bahn Polizei Beamter is the same branch as the regular Bahnschutzpolizei or the Bahnpolizei which were the uniformed branches with military type ranks, ie; Bz-Pol.-Mann, Bahnschutzmanner.

            What are your thoughts?
            I can understand your thoughts about a uniformed Bahnpolizei official carrying a Dienstmarke, but it was not unusual for uniformed state police officials of the Weimar and earlier Imperial era to carry a Dienstmarke. Streckwaldt shows some on his website; I have examples of such discs in my collection as well.

            As explained in Streckwaldt's web site, such "Eisenbahn Interessen" Dienstmarken were used by uniformed Bahn police officials in the Imperial and Weimar eras with the same language. As explained by Streckwaldt, the Weimar government created the first nationalized police force in the Reichsbahn, with a uniformed branch and one detective branch. No, there was only one plainclothes detective service in the Deutsches Reichsbahn-the Fahndungsdienst.
            Attached Files
            Last edited by Dave C.; 03-08-2020, 11:28 PM.

            Comment


              #7
              Originally posted by Gary Symonds View Post
              Joe, thanks for posting.

              Could you possibly post some better pictures, can't make out the serial number because of the Photo Bucket Logo in the way.

              It is 242 Gary.

              Comment


                #8
                Thank you Joe.

                Comment


                  #9
                  Very interesting post, Joe. And very convincing, I think this one is legitimately a rare item you don’t see often, due to the rarity of the subject addressed. Details and circumstances are strong evidence too. Excellent rare discovery.
                  Hard to discount, incredible rare find. Best wishes and good acquisition, Joe.

                  Comment


                    #10
                    Congrats on this new discovery and excellent work, very informative. One part that really jumps out to me is the March of 1944 decree with the recall and replacement with a disc similar to the Kripo disc. It's early enough, could there be another undiscovered disc out there somewhere?! Perhaps this is another factor to why this disc posted remained undiscovered for so long. Very interesting and thank you for posting!
                    Interested in the Gendarmerie - Schutzpolizei - Gemeinden - Feuerschutzpolizei - Wasserschutzpolizei - Etc. Looking For Anything Polizei Related!

                    Comment


                      #11
                      Here is, what the regulation say

                      Fahndungsdienst der Deutschen Reichsbahn/Reichsbahnpolizei
                      Gemäß Runderlass des Reichsführers SS und Chefs der Deutschen Polizei und des Reichsverkehrsministeriums (RdErl.d.RFSSuChdDtPol. u.d.RVM) vom 1.3.1944 -S-V A 1 Nr. 97/44 u. 11 Vubdg 66/44 in Ausführung der Bestimmungen in Ziff. 1 des RdErl. v. 15.3.1943(MBliV. S. 467) über Sicherheitspol. - Reichsbahnfahndungsdienst, führen die Reichsbahnfahndungsbeamten eine Erkennungsmarke aus gelbem Metall von 2mm Stärke, ovaler Form, 5cm Länge, 3,5cm Breite. Sie zeigt auf der einen Seite das Hoheitszeichen des Großdeutschen Reiches und auf der anderen Seite die Inschrift „Reichsbahnfahndungsdienst" und die laufende Nummer des Dienstausweises des Inhabers.





                      Last edited by Gerd W.; 05-26-2019, 09:27 AM.

                      Comment


                        #12
                        Originally posted by Gerd W. View Post
                        Here is, what the regulation say

                        Fahndungsdienst der Deutschen Reichsbahn/Reichsbahnpolizei
                        Gemäß Runderlass des Reichsführers SS und Chefs der Deutschen Polizei und des Reichsverkehrsministeriums (RdErl.d.RFSSuChdDtPol. u.d.RVM) vom 1.3.1944 -S-V A 1 Nr. 97/44 u. 11 Vubdg 66/44 in Ausführung der Bestimmungen in Ziff. 1 des RdErl. v. 15.3.1943(MBliV. S. 467) über Sicherheitspol. - Reichsbahnfahndungsdienst, führen die Reichsbahnfahndungsbeamten eine Erkennungsmarke aus gelbem Metall von 2mm Stärke, ovaler Form, 5cm Länge, 3,5cm Breite. Sie zeigt auf der einen Seite das Hoheitszeichen des Großdeutschen Reiches und auf der anderen Seite die Inschrift „Reichsbahnfahndungsdienst" und die laufende Nummer des Dienstausweises des Inhabers.
                        Actually Gerd, I believe you posted the above portion of the 1.3.1944 decree out of context. The portion you posted described the new Erkennungsmarke (Dienstmarke) that was planned to be issued to conform to the existing RSHA issued Dienstmarken for the Gestapo and Kripo (the Gemeinde Kripo had been merged and new officials received regular Kripo discs). This decree also described a planned new Ausweis for the Hilfspolizeibeamter of the RBFD to be white with a green strip diagonally across the front. But like the planned Erkennungsmarken, there is no evidence that they were produced.

                        But you did leave out this paragraph 5) Andere als die unter abs.2b) beschriebenen Erkennungsmarken dürfen von dem im Reichsbahnfahndungsdienst tätigen Reichsbahnbeamten nicht mehr geführt werden. Die runden Erkennungsmarken, mit denen die im Reichsbahnfahndungsdienst tätigen Reichsbahnbeamten zum Teil ausgesttet waren, sind von den Reichbahndirektionen zu vernichten.

                        This roughly states that identity discs other than those described in preceding paragraph 2b) may no longer be used by the Reichsbahn officials who works in the Reichsbahn Fahndungs Dienst. The round identification tags (like mine shown above) with which the Reichsbahn officers working in the Reichsbahn Fahndungs Dienst were equipped, must be destroyed by the Reichbahndirektion. So evidently, the round discs stayed in service and were de-nazified by post-war Bundesbahn authorities for continued use, similar to Kripo discs used in the British zone of occupation.

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                          #13
                          Great thread.

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                            #14
                            Thanks G-Man. Unfortunately, my earlier use of Photobucket links resulted in no images as PB decided to blur all unpaid account images. Dave kindly replaced the PB images with current ones and I added some additional data to Gerd's last post. My opinion that the new RBFD Dienstmarke and Auweis were never issued can be disputed of course, but I would think that some physical evidence would surface after 75 years. As it is, the RBFD disc above is the only one I have encoutered as well as Streckwaldt. And I have seen no examples of an accompanying Ausweis.

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                              #15
                              I wondered how the officials of the RBFD would be armed when conducting investigations on their own and in conjunction with officials of the Gestapo and Kripo. Of course! Plainclothes would necessitate a small compact firearm: the Walther PPK. So I was able to locate a PPK nicely marked to the Reichsbahn Direktion Münster (Westf.) along with a proper holster for concealment.
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